雅思阅读考试模拟试练习题及答案解析新.pdfVIP

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雅思阅读考试模拟试练习题及答案解析

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FromTheEconomistprintedition

1REFRIGERATORSaretheepitomeofclunkytechnology:solid,

reliableandjustalittlebitdull.Theyhavenotchangedmuchoverthe

pastcentury,butthentheyhavenotneededto.Theyarebasedonarobust

andeffectiveidea--drawheatfromthethingyouwanttocoolby

evaporatingaliquidnexttoit,andthendumpthatheatbypumpingthe

vapourelsewhereandcondensingit.Thismethodofpumpingheatfrom

oneplacetoanotherservedmankindwellwhenrefrigeratorsmainjobs

werepreservingfoodand,asairconditioners,coolingbuildings.Todays

high-techworld,however,demandshigh-techrefrigeration.Heatpumps

arenolongeruptothejob.Thesearchisonforsomethingtoreplace

them.

2Onesetofcandidatesareknownasparaelectricmaterials.These

actlikebatterieswhentheyundergoatemperaturechange:attach

electrodestothemandtheygenerateacurrent.Thiseffectisusedin

infra-redcameras.Anarrayoftinypiecesofparaelectricmaterialcan

sensetheheatradiatedby,forexample,aperson,andthepatternofthe

arrayselectricaloutputscanthenbeusedtoconstructanimage.Butuntil

recentlynoonehadbotheredmuchwiththeinverseofthisprocess.That

inverseexists,however.Applyanappropriatecurrenttoaparaelectric

materialanditwillcooldown.

3SomeonewhoislookingatthisinverseeffectisAlexMischenko,

ofCambridgeUniversity.Usingcommerciallyavailableparaelectricfilm,

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雅思阅读考试模拟试练习题及