雅思考试备考练习题.pdf

雅思考试备考练习题

2017年雅思考试备考练习题

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readingpassage3

youareadvisedtospendabout20minutesonquestions26-

39whicharebasedonreadingpassage3below.

theoriginsofindo-europeanlanguages

thetraditionalviewofthespreadoftheindo-european

languagesholdsthatanur-language,ancestortoalltheothers,

wasspokenbynomadichorsemenwholivedinwhatisnow

westernrussianorthoftheblackseanearthebeginningofthe

bronzeage.asthesemountedwarriorsroamedovergreaterand

greaterexpanses,theyconqueredtheindigenouspeoplesand

imposedtheirownproto-indo-europeanlanguage,whichinthe

courseofsucceedingcenturiesevolvedinlocalareasintothe

europeanlanguagesweknowtoday.inrecentyears,however,

manyscholars,particularlyarchaeologists,havebecome

dissatisfiedwiththetraditionalexplanation.

thestartingpointoftheproblemoftheoriginsofindo-

europeanisnotarchaeologicalbutlinguistic.whenlinguistslook

atthelanguagesofeurope,theyquicklyperceivethatthese

languagesarerelated.theconnectionscanbeseeninvocabulary,

grammarandphonology(rulesforpronunciation).toillustrate

thenumbersfromonetoteninseveralindo-europeanlanguages.

suchacomparisonmakesitclearthattherearesignificant

similaritiesamongmanyeuropeanlanguagesandalsosanskrit,

thelanguageoftheearliestliterarytextsofindia,butthat

languagessuchaschineseorjapanesearenotmembersofthe

samefamily(seefigure1).

englisholdgermanlatingreeksanskritjapanese

one

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