美国最高法院中英文介绍.pdfVIP

美国最高法院中英文介绍

美国联邦最高法院是美国最高审判机构，由总统征得参议院同意后

任命的9名终身法官组成，其判例对全国有拘束力，享有特殊的司法审

查(judicialreview)权，即有权通过具体案例宣布联邦或各州的法律是否

违宪。

 TheSupremeCourtTheHighestJudicialAuthority最高法院最高司

法机关

 TheSupremeCourtiscomprisedofninejusticeswhoareappointed

tothebenchforlife,oruntilvoluntaryretirement.Theyareappointedbythe

PresidentandmustbeconfirmedbytheU.S.Senate.

 ACase#39;sPathtotheSupremeCourt

 WhiletheSupremeCourtmaychoosetohearcasesdirectly,itmost

oftenselectscasesthathavebeendecidedinlowercourts.Participantsin

casesdecidedinlowercourtscanappealtotheirstate#39;shighestor

SupremeCourt.Ifallstatevenuesareexhausted,litigantsmayappealtothe

UnitedStatesSupremeCourt,thehighestcourtinthiscountry.Somecases

maybegininfederalcourtsatthestart3,andthesecanalsoenduphere.

 Theninejusticeschoosewhichcasestotakefromthosesubmittedto

theSupremeCourt.Theycanrefusetoconsideracase,acceptacasefororal

argument,ordecidethecasesummarilywithoutahearing4.Eachofthese

routeshasaneffectonthelaw.thedecisionnottohearacaseallowsalower

court#39;srulingtostandasprecedent,orguidinglawforotherstates.The

courtoftendecidesthatacaseshouldbeheardincircumstancesinwhichtwo

ormorelowercourtshavedecideddifferently.Thissplitintheopinionsof

lowercourtsiscommoninhighlychargedissues.Inthiscircumstance,the

courtactsasfinalarbiteronadifficultissue.

 TheFinalDecisionTheMajorityRules

 TheSupremeCourtcasesthatareheardfororalargumentaredecided

byamajorityofthejusticesacceptingonetheoryoropinionoftheelements

ofthecase.Basically,thesidewithmostvoteswins;that#39;swhymost

caseshavenumberslike7:2or5:4thatletusknowhowmanyjudgesvoted

foror