跨文化交际教程 课件Unit 5 Pragmatic Principles in Intercultural Communication；Unit 6 Cultural Barriers in Intercultural Communication.pptx

PragmaticPrinciples

inInterculturalCommunication

UnitFive

Contents:01 PragmaticPrinciples02TheCommunicativePrinciple03TheCooperativePrinciple04ThePolitenessPrinciple

01PragmaticPrinciples

Pragmaticsisthestudyoflanguagefromthepointofviewofusers,especiallyofthechoicestheymake,theconstraintstheyencounterinusinglanguageinsocialinteractionandtheeffectstheiruseoflanguagehasonotherparticipantsintheactofcommunication.WhatisPragmatics?

Thatistosay,pragmaticsisthestudyofhowcontextinfluenceshowweinterpretandmakemeaningofcommunication.Itisoftendescribedasthestudyof“languageinuse”.

Example1:Georgeandhiswifeplannedtogoouttodinner,butitwasrainingheavilyjustbeforetheywereleaving.Georgesaidtohiswife,“Greatweather,isn’tit?”WhatdidGeorgemean?Hedidn’tactuallymeantheweatherwaspleasant.Rather,hewasimplyingthattheweatherwasterrible.

Thelistenerunderstandsthisinversionnotfromthewordsthemselvesbutfromthecontext(thefactit’sraining),aswellasthespeaker’stoneofvoiceandpossiblytheirfacialexpressionsorbodylanguage.Here,pragmaticsenablesustointerpretsarcasmcorrectly.

Considerahabitualprocrastinatorwhoannounces,“I’llstartmyprojectrightaway.”Ifweknowthisperson’shistoryofputtingthingsoff,wemightinterprettheirstatementasironic.Theysaythey’llstartimmediately,butweunderstand,basedonourknowledgeoftheirusualbehavior,thattheyprobablywon’t.Pragmaticsallowsustomakethesekindsofinterpretationsbasedonoursharedbackgroundknowledgeaboutthespeaker(Kecskes,2020;SperberWilson,1995).Example2:

Ifsomeoneinaroomsays,“It’scoldinhere.”Whatdoesthespeakermean?Thespeakercouldbeimplyingthathe/shewantsthewindowclosedortheheatingturnedup.Thespeakerhasn’texplicitlystatedthisrequest,butthecontextandourunderstandingofsocialnorms(e.g