什么充血描述其后果分析.pdfVIP

1.Whatisthecongestion?Pleasedescribeitsconsequence.

a)Definition:

Apassiveprocessresultingfromimpairedvenousreturn

b)Classification

Localcongestion:

--isolatedvenousobstruction

--Wallofveincompressed,e.g.inflammationortumor

--Lumenofveinblockedandnoeffectivecollateralcirculation,e.g.thrombus

Systematiccongestion:cardiacfailure

--Lecardiacfailure→pulmonarycongeson

--Rightcardiacfailure→congesonofgeneralcirculaon,e.g.liver

c)Gross

--Swelling

--Cyanosis

--Temperature↓

d)Microscopic

--Smallveinsandcapillarybedsengorgedwithredcells

--Congestiveedema＆dropsy

--Congestivehemorrhage

--Smallclustersofhemosiderin-ladenmacrophage

2.Whatisthethrombus?Describeitstypesandmorphologicalfeatures.

Itisbloodclotthatobstructthebloodvesselsorthecavityoftheheart.

a)Palethrombus

Site:Cardiacchambers,valvecusps,arteries,originationofvenousthrombus

Gross:Gray-white,friable,firm

Microscopic:

--Plateletsandalittlefibrin

b)Redthrombi

Site:Tailofvenousthrombus

Gross:Dark-red,wetordry,notattachedtothevesselwall

Microscopic:

--Coagulatedbloodmeshedfibrinfilledwithbloodcells

c)Mixedthrombus

Site:Cardiacchambers,bodyofvenousthrombus

Gross:Gray-whitelayermixedwithredlayer

Microscopic:

--Palelayersofplateletsattachedbyleukocytes

--Meshedfibrincontainingdegeneratingredcells

d)Hyalinethrombus/microthrombus

Site:Capillariesofmicrocirculation(DIC)

Gross:Notseenmicrothrombus

Microscopic:Fibrinfibrinousthrombus

3.Theevolutionofthrombi.

Fibrinolysis

Organizationandrecanalization

Thromboembolism

4.Thetypeandmorphologyoftheinfarct.

Typesofinfarction:Anemic