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2017年12月英语四级阅读模拟练习题及答案
task1
?Thefuturepopulationwillbeolderthantoday,andthisinturnwill
changethepatternsofsocialdemands.However,Mexicowillstillbefar
fromtheagingsocietiesthatwillmostlikelyprevail(占优势)inthe
industrializedcountries.Inlessthan25years,thecountrywillhavetoadd
almostasmuchinfrastructureasithasalreadybuiltuptonow,simplyto
maintainservicesandproductionatthecurrentlevels.Thiswillbea
tremendouschallenge,althoughasimilaronewasfacedsuccessfullyinthe
recentpast,whenavailableinfrastructurewasdoubledintwodecadesorso.
Itisnowonderthatmuchhasbeensaidabouttheneedtoreduceor
preferablyhaltMexico#39;spopulationcontrolwhichistakenforgranted
asbothgoodandnecessary.Ithasalsogainedsupportersinthedeveloping
world,andMexicoisnoexception.Buttheargumentsaboutpopulationare
complicated,asthefollowingdiscussionillustrates.
?EvenifMexico#39;spopulationreaches125millionbytheyear
2010,itspopulationdensityisstillsmallerthanthe1985populationdensity
ofsome50countries.ByinternationalstandardsMexicowillstillnotbe
overpopulatedbytheyear2010.Ifwealthisgeneratedbypeople,themore
individualsthereare,thegreaterthewealththatpotentiallycouldbe
generated.WhyshouldMexicocontrolitspopulationatdensitylevelsbelow
thoseoftherichercountriesifmorepopulationrepresentsthepossibilityof
generatingmorewealth?
?Ontheotherhand,itisoftenpointedoutthatoncesustainability(支撑
力)limitsarenearorarereached,therearedecreasingproductivitygains
(or,perhapsmoreaccurately,increasingproductivelosses),andpeople
becomeacostratherthananasset.Ifweassumethattherearesustainability
limitsandthatweareclosetoreachingtheselimitsataworldlevel,thenitis
appropriatetocheckpopulationgrowth.
?21.Accordingtothepassage,thepopulationargumentis
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