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2017职称英语《卫生A级》模拟试题及答案
Anavalancheisasuddenandrapidflowofsnow,oftenmixedwithair
andwater,downamountainside.Avalanchesare1thebiggestdangersinthe
mountainsforbothlifeandproperty.
?Allavalanchesarecausedbyanover-burdenofmaterial,typically
snowpack,thatistoomassiveandunstablefortheslope2supportsit.
Determiningthecriticalload,theamountofover-burdenwhichis3an
avalanche,4acomplextaskinvolvingtheevaluationofanumberoffactors.
?Terrainslopesflatterthan25degreesorsteeperthan60degrees
typicallyhavealow5ofavalanche.Snowdoesnot6significantlyonsteep
slopes;also,snowdoesnot7easilyonfiatslopes.Human-triggered
avalancheshavethegreatestincidencewhenthesnow#39;sangleofrest1
is835and45degrees;thecriticalangle,theangleatwhichthehuman
incidenceofavalanchesisgreatest,is38degrees.Theruleofthumb2is:A
slopethatis9enoughtoholdsnowbutsteepenoughtoskihasthepotential
togenerateanavalanche,regardlessoftheangle.Additionally3,avalanche
riskincreaseswith10;thatis,themoreaslopeisdisturbedbyskiers,the
morelikelyitisthatanavalanchewilloccur.
?Duetothecomplexityofthesubject,wintertravellinginthe
backcountry4isnever100%safe.Goodavalanchesafetyisacontinuous11,
includingrouteselectionandexaminationtothesnowpack,weather12,and
humanfactors.Severalwell-knowngoodhabitscanalso13therisk.Iflocal
authoritiesissueavalancheriskreports,theyshouldbeconsideredandall
warningsshouldbepaid14to.Neverfollowinthetracksofotherswithout
yourownevaluations;snowconditionsarealmostcertaintohavechanged
sincetheyweremade.Observetheterrainandnoteobviousavalanchepaths
whereplantsare15ordamaged.Avoidtravelingbelowotherswhomight
triggeranavalanche.词汇：avalanche/5AvE7lB:nF/n.雪崩terrain/
5terein/n.地形，地势ciple，basedonexperienceorpra
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