新视野大学英语（第三版）读写教程3（思政智慧版）课件 B3U5 Text A 课文详解.pptx

;1Tobetrulyhappy,apersonmustfeelbothfreeandimportant.Peopleareneverhappy

iftheyfeelcompelledbysocietytodoworktheydonotenjoy,orifwhattheydoenjoy

isignoredbysocietyashavingnovalueorimportance.Inasocietywhereslaveryin

thestrictsensehasbeenabolished,thesocialindicationsaroundwork,thevalueof

workandthesalary,havedegradedmanylaborersintomodernslaves–“wageslaves”.;2Peopleareconsideredlaborersiftheirjobhasanadverseeffectonthem,yettheyfeel

compelledtocontinueworkingbythenecessityofconformingtosocietalexpectationsandearningtherevenuetosupportthemselvesandtheirfamilies.Thepolaroppositeoflaborisplay.Whenweplayagame,weenjoywhatwearedoing,butitisapurelyprivatepastime;societydoesnotcarewhenorwhetherweplay.;3Betweenlaborandplaystandswork.Peoplearelabeledasworkersiftheirpersonalinterestscoincidewiththejobssocietypaysthemtodo;whatisnecessarylaborfromthepointofviewofsocietyisvoluntaryplayfromtheindividual’spersonalpointofview.Whetherajobistobedesignatedaslabororworkdepends,notonthejobitself,butonthetastesoftheindividualwhoundertakesit.;Thedifferencedoesnot,forexample,correlatewiththedifferencebetweenamanualandmentaljoborbetweenjobsofloworhighesteem;agardenercoveredindirtinagreenhousemaybeaworkerwhileawell-dressedcitymayormayprovetobeanunhappylaborer!;4People’sattitudetowardtheirworkdetermineseverything.Toworkers,leisuremeanssimplythehourstheyneedtorelaxandrestinordertoworkefficiently.Workers

arethereforemorepronetodedicatemoretimetoworking,takingtoolittleleisure

ratherthantoomuch.Tolaborers,ontheotherhand,leisuremeansautonomyfrom

compulsion,soitisnaturalforthemtoimaginethatthefewerhourstheyhaveto

spendlaboring,andthemorehourstheyhavefreeforplay,the