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Fundamentalsof
Electrochemistry;1??Basicelectrochemicaldevices
(Electrochemicalreactors)
Twokindsofelectrochemicaldevices:
Galvaniccell
Electrolyticcell
Thebasiccomponentsofcells:
anode(阳极)
cathode(阴极)
electrolyte(电解质);Anode:positivechargefromelectrodeintosolution(oxidation)
Cathode:positivechargefromsolutiontoelectrode(reduction)
;Electrode:
workingelectrode
(WE)A
counterelectrode
(CE)B
referenceelectrode
(RE)C;Somecommontypesofelectrodeprocesses;Electronicconductors
andionicconductors;(2)Ionicconductors(thesecondconductors)
Electrolyte:
Asubstancepresentinsolutionorinameltwhichisatleastpartlyintheformofchargedspecies----ions.
Propertiesofelectrolyticsolution
(seepp51-54)
a)??Electricmigrationandtransportnumber
Electricmigration(电迁移):themovementofchargedspeciesduetoapotentialgradient
;Ionicmobility(离子淌度):thespeedofionsunderaunitfieldstrength,m2s-1V-1
Transportnumberti(迁移数):thefractionofthecurrentcarriedbytheioni
ti=Qi/∑Qi=Ii/∑Ii
supportingelectrolyte(foreignelectrolyte)(支持电解质或局外电解质);b)?Conductanceandconductivity
Conductance(电导);;c)Activityandactivitycoefficient
activity(活度)
a+=γ+m+ora-=γ-m-
whereγ+,γ-aretheactivitycoefficientsforthepositiveandnegativeionsrespectivelyandm+,m-aretheremolalities.
meanionicactivity
a±=γ±m±
meanactivitycoefficientγ±(seep54Tab1.5);4.Faraday’slawsofelectrolysis;5.Electromotiveforce(EMF)andElectrodepotential;(a)Whatiselectrodepotential
Therearemanytypesofinterfacesincells:
Metal/electrolytesolution
Metal/metal
Electrolytesolution/electrolytesolution
Solutionoflower
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