专题01 生活与学习（教师版）- 【时文外刊阅读热点话题阅读】精练8月刊.docx

专题01生活与学习（解析版）

【材料来源：BBCApr.15,2023】

Illeism:Theancienttricktohelpyouthinkmorewisely

Asawriterspecialisinginpsychology,Ivecomeacrosshundredsofevidence-basedtipsforbetterthinking.Fewhaveprovenasusefultomeastheancientstrategyofilleism.

Putsimply,illeismisthepracticeoftalkingaboutoneselfinthethirdperson,ratherthanthefirstperson.Therhetoricaldeviceisoftenusedbypoliticianstotrytogivetheirwordsanairofobjectivity.InhisaccountoftheGallicWar,forexample,theemperorJuliusCaesarwroteCaesaravengedthepublicratherthanIavengedthepublic.

Tothemodernear,illeismcansoundalittlesillyorpompous.Yetrecentpsychologicalresearchsuggeststhatilleismcanbringsomerealcognitivebenefits.Ifwearetryingtomakeadifficultdecision,speakingaboutourselvesinthethirdpersoncanhelptoneutralisetheemotionsthatcouldleadourthinkingastray,allowingustofindawisersolutiontoourproblem.

Whenmakingpersonalchoices,webecometooimmersedinouremotions,whichcloudourthinkingandpreventusfromputtingourissuesinperspective.IfIhavereceivednegativefeedbackfromacolleague,forexample,myfeelingofembarrassmentmightleadmetobecomeoverlyself-defensive.Imightthereforedismisstheiropinionswithoutconsideringwhethertheiradvicecouldbehelpfulinthelong-term.

Byswitchingtothethirdperson,ourdescriptionsofthesituationwillstarttosoundasifwearetalkingaboutsomeoneelseratherthanourselves.Thissenseofdetachmentwouldallowustoseethebiggerpicture,ratherthangettingcaughtupinourownfeelings.Byencouragingustoputourproblemsinperspective,theuseofilleismmayalsohelpustohaveamorebalancedresponsetodailystresses.

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第三人称叙述法:帮助你更明智地思考的古老技巧

作为一名专攻心理学的作家，我接触过上百种提高思维能力的实证技巧。但对我来说，很少有策略能像古老的“第三人称叙述法”（illeism）一样有用。

简单来说，“illeism”就是用第三人称而不是第一人称来谈论自己。政治家为了给自己的话语增添一种客观的感觉，经常使用这种修辞手法。例如，凯撒大帝