超大CMOS集成电路原理chapter5.pptx

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DigitalIntegratedCircuits

ADesignPerspectiveTheInverterJanM.RabaeyAnanthaChandrakasanBorivojeNikolicJuly30,2023

TheCMOSInverter:AFirstGlanceVinVoutCLVDD

CMOSInverterPolysiliconInOutVDDGNDPMOS2lMetal1NMOSContactsNWell

TwoInvertersConnectinMetalSharepowerandgroundAbutcells

CMOSInverter

First-OrderDCAnalysisVOL=0VOH=VDDVM=f(Rn,Rp)VDDVDDVin5VDDVin50VoutVoutRnRp

CMOSInverter:TransientResponsetpHL=f(Ron.CL)=0.69RonCLVoutVoutRnRpVDDVDDVin5VDDVin50(a)Low-to-high(b)High-to-lowCLCL

VoltageTransfer

Characteristic

PMOSLoadLinesVDSpIDpVGSp=-2.5VGSp=-1VDSpIDnVin=0Vin=1.5VoutIDnVin=0Vin=1.5Vin=VDD+VGSpIDn=-IDpVout=VDD+VDSpVoutIDnVin=VDD+VGSpIDn=-IDpVout=VDD+VDSp

CMOSInverterLoadCharacteristics

CMOSInverterVTC

SwitchingThresholdasafunctionofTransistorRatio1001010.80.911.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.8MV(V)Wp/Wn

DeterminingVIHandVILVOHVOLVinVoutVMVILVIHAsimplifiedapproach

InverterGain

GainasafunctionofVDDGain=-1

SimulatedVTC

ImpactofProcessVariations00.511.522.500.511.522.5Vin(V)Vout(V)GoodPMOSBadNMOSGoodNMOSBadPMOSNominal

PropagationDelay

CMOSInverterPropagationDelay

Approach1

CMOSInverterPropagationDelay

Approach2

CMOSInvertersPolysiliconInOutMetal1VDDGNDPMOSNMOS1.2mm=2l

TransientResponsetp=0.69CL(Reqn+Reqp)/2?tpLHtpHL

DesignforPerformanceKeepcapacitancessmallIncreasetransistorsizeswatchoutforself-loading!IncreaseVDD(????)

DelayasafunctionofVDD

DeviceSizing(forfixedload)Self-loadingeffect:Intrinsiccapacitancesdominate

NMOS/PMOSratiotpLHtpHLtpb=Wp/Wn

ImpactofRiseTimeonDelay

InverterSizing

InverterChainCLIfCLisgiven:Howmanystagesareneededtominimizethedelay?Howtosizetheinverters?Mayneedsomeadditionalconstraints.InOut

InverterDelayMinimumlengthdevices,L=0.25mmAssumethatforWP=2WN=2Wsamepull-upandpull-downcurrentsapprox.equalresistancesRN=RPapprox.equalrisetpLHandfalltpHLdelaysAnalyzeasanRCnetw

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