2023-2024学年全国初二下生物人教版期中试卷(含答案解析).docx

专业课原理概述部分

一、选择题：5道（每题1分，共5分）

1.Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicoflivingorganisms?

A.Theycanreproduce.

B.Theyaremadeofnonlivingmaterials.

C.Theydonotrequireenergy.

D.Theycannotgrow.

2.Whatisthesmallestunitoflife?

A.Atom

B.Cell

C.Tissue

D.Organ

3.Whichorganelleisresponsibleforproducingenergyinacell?

A.Mitochondria

B.Nucleus

C.Ribosomes

D.Lysosomes

4.Whatistheprocesswhichplantsconvertsunlightintoenergy?

A.Respiration

B.Digestion

C.Photosynthesis

D.Reproduction

5.Whatisthebasicunitofinheritance?

A.Cell

B.Gene

C.Chromosome

D.DNA

二、判断题5道（每题1分，共5分）

1.Allcellshaveanucleus.()

2.Theprocessofphotosynthesisonlyoccursinplants.()

3.DNAisthegeneticmaterialinalllivingorganisms.()

4.Mitosisistheprocesswhichcellsdividetoproduceidenticaldaughtercells.()

5.Tissuesaregroupsofcellsthatperformaspecificfunction.()

三、填空题5道（每题1分，共5分）

1.Thestudyoflivingorganismsiscalled________.

2.Theorganellethatstoresgeneticinformationisthe________.

3.Theprocesswhichcellstakeinnutrientsandexpelwasteiscalled________.

4.Theprocesswhichcellsdividetoproducegeneticallydifferentdaughtercellsiscalled________.

5.Thestudyofheredityandvariationiscalled________.

四、简答题5道（每题2分，共10分）

1.Explainthedifferencebetweenprokaryoticandeukaryoticcells.

2.Describethestructureandfunctionofachloroplast.

3.Whatistheroleofenzymesinbiologicalreactions?

4.Explaintheprocessofmeiosisanditssignificance.

5.Whatarethethreedomainsoflifeandgiveanexampleofeach.

五、应用题：5道（每题2分，共10分）

1.Calculatethesurfaceareatovolumeratioofacellwithadiameterof10micrometers.

2.Acellhasavolumeof1cubicmicrometerandasurfaceareaof6squaremicrometers.Calculatetheaveragethicknessofthecellmembrane.

3.Apopulationofrabbitsincreases10%e