骨与关节的基本结构与功能Basicstructurea.pptx

骨与关节的基本结构与功能Basicstructureandfunctionofboneandjoints

骨的承载基本概念Basicconceptofbonebearingcapacity

骨的生物学特性Biologicalcharacteristicsofbone1骨的强度Thestrengthofthebone2骨的刚度Therigidityofthebone3骨的稳定性Bonestability骨在承载负荷的情况下抵抗破坏的能力Theabilityofbonetoresistdamageunderload骨在外力作用下抵抗变形的能力Theabilityofbonetoresistdeformationunderexternalforces骨保持原有平衡形态的能力Theabilityofbonestoretaintheiroriginalbalancedshape

当外力作用于骨时，骨以形变产生内部阻抗以抗衡外力Whenanexternalforceactsonthebone,thebonedeformstocreateaninternalresistancetocounteracttheexternalforce应力stress力force应力stress=面积area

应变strain骨在外力作用下的局部变形Localdeformationofboneunderexternalforce变化量variablequantity应变strain=原长度Theoriginallength

应力-应变曲线stress-straincurve

应力-应变曲线stress-straincurve

骨的载荷基本形式Thebasicformofboneload

拉伸stretch压缩compress弯曲curve剪切cut扭转reverse复合recombination骨的载荷Boneoftheload

骨的两端收到一对大小相等、方向相反沿轴线的力的作用。骨骼内部产生拉应力和应变。Theendsofthebonereceiveapairofequalandoppositeforcesactingalongtheaxis.Tensilestressesandstrainsoccurwithinthebones.拉伸载荷tensileload

施加于骨组织表面的两个沿轴线的大小相等、方向相对的载荷。骨骼内部产生压应力和应变。Twoequalandoppositeaxialloadsappliedtothesurfaceofbonetissue.Compressivestressesandstrainsoccurwithinthebones.压缩载荷compressiveload

使骨沿其轴线发生弯曲形变的载荷。Aloadthatcausesabonetobendalongitsaxis弯曲载荷bendingload中性轴两旁一侧拉应力和拉应变，另一侧压应力和压应变。中性轴上没有应力和应变。Tensilestressandstrainonbothsidesoftheneutralaxis,compressivestressandstrainontheothersidethereisnostressandstrainontheneutralaxis

骨的表面受到一对大小相等、方向相反且相距很近的力的作用。Thesurfacesofthebonesareacteduponbyapairofforcesofequalmagnitude,oppositedirectionsandveryclosetogether.剪切载荷shearload

加在骨上并使其沿轴线发生扭转。Applytotheboneandtwistitalongitsaxis.扭转载荷torsionload

骨的几何结构不规则，同时又受到多种不定的载荷。Boneisgeometricallyirregularandsubjected