4.高中英语三种构词总结.docx

英语中的构词法主要有三种，即转化法、合成法和派生法。

转化法

在英语中，一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。

1.动词转化为名词

●Letmehavea?try.?让我试试。

●Theyareonlyallowedtosellsoft?drinks?atschool.

在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。

2.名词转化为动词

●He?shouldered?hiswaythroughthecrowd.他用肩膀推开人群前进。

●Thesmellfromthekitchenmadehismouth?water.

从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。

3.形容词转化为动词

●Wewilltryourbestto?better?ourlivingconditions.

我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。

●Theytriedto?perfect?theworkingconditions.

他们努力改善工作条件。

4.形容词转化为名词

●Hedidn’tknowthedifferencebetween?right?and?wrong.

他不辨是非。

●The?old?inourvillagearelivingahappylife.

我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。

5.形容词转化为副词

●How?long?have?you?lived?there?你在那儿住多久了？

6.个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词

●Warmclothesarea?must?inthemountains.

穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。

●Lifeisfullof?ups?and?downs.

人生有得意时也有失意时。

●Hisargumentcontainstoomany?ifs?and?buts.

他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。

合成法

由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词。合成词一般看其词，知其意。

1.合成名词

●名词/代词+名词??newspaper?blood-test?she-wolf

●动词+名词??typewriter?pickpocket?daybreak

●形容词+名词??greenhouse?highway?

●副词+名词??overcoat?outside

●名词+v.-ing/v.-ing+名词??handwriting?reading-room?freezing-point?

●动词+副词/副词+动词??breakthrough?get-together?outbreak?outcome

●名词+介词+名词??sister-in-law?editor-in-chief?

2.合成形容词

●名词+形容词/形容词+名词??world-famous?duty-free?large-scale?long-term

●副词+形容词??over-anxious?evergreen

●名词+过去分词?man-made?sun-burnt

●名词+现在分词?peace-loving?English-speaking

●形容词+现在分词?good-looking?easy-going?

●副词+过去分词?well-informed?widespread

●副词+现在分词?hardworking?far-reaching

●形容词+名词+ed?warm-hearted?absent-minded

●数词+名词+ed?three-legged?ten-storied

●数词+名词?one-way?five–star

●数词+名词+形容词?ten-year-old?800-meter-long

●名词+to+名词?face–to-face?door-to-door?

3.合成动词

●名词+动词?baby-sit?sleepwalk?

●副词+动词?outnumber?underestimate?overwork

●形容词+动词?whitewash

4.合成副词

●形容词＋名词?meanwhile?anyway

●形容词＋副词?everywhere?anyhow

●副词＋副词?however

●介词＋名词?beforehand?overhead

●介词＋副词?forever?

5.合成代词

●代词宾格＋self/selves?herself?themselves

●物主代词＋self/selves?myself