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SurgeryforLungCancer原发性支气管肺癌的外科治疗1
EpidemiologyLungCancerWorldwide:mostcommoncancer2,000,000casesperyearChina:Leadingcauseofcancerdeathestimated500,000deathsperyear2
Cigarettesmokingisbyfarthebiggestcarcinogenforthedevelopmentoflungcancer,responsiblefor85percentofalllungcancers.Otherriskfactorsincludethefollowing:FamilyhistoryEnvironmentalandoccupationalexposuretocertainsubstancesExposuretoexcessiveradiationPreviousLungdiseasesPoordietAirpollution?3
signsandsymptoms咳嗽cough咯血Hemoptysis胸痛或肩痛Chestpainor?shoulderpain气促,哮鸣Shortnessofbreath,wheezing反复出现的肺炎或气管炎Repeatedpneumoniaorbronchitis出汗和渗出Swellingandeffusion食欲减退或体重下降Lossofappetiteorweightloss骨关节疼痛boneandjointpain声嘶Hoarseness4
SVCSyndrome上腔静脉综合征Engorgedsuperficialveinsoftheneckandupperchestwall.Initialdigitalsubtractionrightupperextremityvenogramdemonstrateshigh-gradestenosisinthemid-portionoftheSVCandextensivevenouscollaterals.5
Clubbingfinger杵状指FingerClubbingFingerclubbing(enlargementofthemostdistantpartofthefingerandnail)isgenerallyasignoflungcancerorchroniclungdisease.6
胸部X线检查ChestX-RayfilmsCT扫描Computedtomography(CT)支气管镜Bronchoscopy(FOB)细胞学检查Cytologyexamination(sputum,pleuraleffusion)经胸针吸Transthoracicneedleaspiration(TTNA)核磁共振Magneticresonanceimaging(MRI)正电子发射体层摄影Positronemissiontomography(PET)同位素扫描Isotopescan(lung,bone)超声扫描Ultrasoundscan(liver,kidney)纵隔镜Mediastinoscopy胸腔镜Thoracoscopy(VATS)DiagnosticTechniques7
胸部X线检查ChestX-RayfilmsChestx-rayisthemostcommonlyperformeddiagnosticx-rayexamination.lungcancercanbediagnosedorsuspectedonachestx-ray.8
ThelungmassappearsinthemedialportionofposteriorsegmentofRUL,contiguouswithrighthilumandobscuringtheboundarywiththeaorticknobontheright.9
Aneonate-palm-sizedinhomogenoussofttissueshadowcanbeseenintherightupperlobe.10
Intheleft
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