英语词汇学总结复习资料 .pdfVIP

大家请注意：笔记中大多数是以名词解释的形式出现的，这些是绝对的基础，应该一字不漏的背下来。

其实不少简答题也就是几个定义的汇总，再加上个例子就可以拿满分了。区分两个词的区别，主要还是指

明其各自的定义。

第一章BasicConceptsofWordsandVocabulary

1.词的定义Word——Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensound

andmeaningandsyntacticfunction.

2.声音与意义的关系Thereisnologicalrelationshipbetweensoundandmeaningasthe

symbolicconnectionbetweenthemisarbitraryandconventional.E.g.“woman”means’Frau’in

German，’Femme’inFrenchand’Funv’inChinese.Ontheotherhand，thesamesound/rait/

canmeanright，riteandwrite，thoughdenotingdifferentthings，yethavethesamesound.

3.读音与拼写不一致的原因Thedifferencebetweensoundandformresultfrom4major

factors.

（Atleast80%oftheEnglishwordsfitconsistentspellingpatterns）

a）

soundinthelanguage.

b）.Pronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspelling

c）.Influenceoftheworkofscribes/printingfreezesthespellingofwordsin1500

d）.Borrowingofforeignlanguage

4.词汇的含义Vocabulary——Vocabularyismostcommonlyusedtorefertothesumtotal

ofallthewordsofalanguage.Itcanalsorefertoallthewordsofagivendialect，agivenbook，

agivendisplineandallthewordspossessedbyanindividualpersonaswellasallthewords

currentinaparticularperiodoftimeinhistory.

ThegeneralestimateofthepresentdayEnglishvocabularyisover1millionwords.

5.词汇的分类的原则ClassificationofWords—byusefrequency，bynotion，byorigin

theEnglishvocabularyconsistofwordsofallkinds.theycanbeclassifiedbydifferent

criteriaandfordifferentpurpose.wordsmayfallintothewordstockandnonbasic

vocabularybyusefrequency,intocontentwordsandfunctionalwordsbynotion,andinto

nativewordsandborrowedwordsbyorigin.

基本词汇的特点

1）.Basicwordstock–thefoundationofthevocabulary.

1.allnationalcharacter（mostimportant）–naturalphenomena