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Addison’sdisease1
UnitedStates?president?JohnF.Kennedy?(1917-1963),probablythesinglemostfamouscaseofAddisonsdisease2
1.PhysiologyoftheAdrenalGlandMineralocorticoids(Aldosterone)Glucocorticoids(Cortisol)Androgens3
RegulationofGlucocorticoidTheHypothalamic-Pituitary-AdrenalAxisPituitaryAdrenalglandACTHCortisolNegativefeedbackHypothalamusCRH4
RegulationofMineralocorticoidTheRenin-Angiotensin-AldosteroneSystemAdrenalAldosteronReninNa↑H2O↑,K↓Bloodvolume↑AngiotensinKidney5
2.DefinitionChronicprimaryadrenalcortexinsufficiency.Lossofallthreetypesofadrenalhormones.AldosteronCortisolAndrogen6
3.CausesTuberculosisAuto-immunedisease7
4.ManifestationMuscleweakness,fatigue,anorexia,diarrheaWeightloss,lowbloodpressure(Hypotension)evenshock(i)AldosteronedeficiencyAdrenalAldosteronReninNa↑H2O↑,K↓Bloodvolume↑Angiotensin8
4.ManifestationHyperpigmentation:(ii)Cortisoldeficiency9
Hyperpigmentation10
Hyperpigmentation11
MechanismofhyperpigmentationPituitaryAdrenalglandACTHCortisolNegativefeedbackHypothalamusCRH12
MSH(Melanocyte-stimulatinghormone)MelanocyteMelaninpigment(黑色素)黑色素细胞13
Cortisol↓ACTH↑ThesimilaractionofMSHMelaninpigmentdeposition↑Hyperpigmentation14
4.Manifestation(ii)CortisoldeficiencyHypoglycemia15
4.Manifestation(iii)AndrogendeficiencyLossofaxillaryandpubichairLossoflibido16
5.AdrenalCrisisUnderlyingadrenalinsufficiencyAcutestressAdrenalCrisisInfectionSurgeryTrauma17
ClinicalfeaturesFeverNausea,vomitinganddiarrheaAbdominalpainDehydrationHypotension,evenshock5.AdrenalCrisis18
(i)AdrenalfunctiontestsPlasma/urinarycortisol:PlasmaACTH:6.Tests19
(ii)ACTHstimulatingtest:
ACTH250ugiv6.TestsMeasure0min,30min,60min,plasmacortisolNormalcortisol500nmol/LAddison’sdisease:low20
6.Tests(iii)AbnormalelectrolyteandmetabolismHyponatremia(Na+↓)Hyperkalemia(K+↑)HypoglycemiaAn
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