新编大学英语（第三版）综合教程 3浙江财经大学编B3U7Unit7Culture Studies.ppt

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新编大学英语（第三版）综合教程 3浙江财经大学编B3U7Unit7Culture Studies.ppt

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WorldHigh-speedRailHowtoTraveltheWorldforFreeTheProblemwithChinese-styleTours

1.High-speedrail

High-speedrailisatypeofrailtransportthatoperatessignificantlyfasterthantraditionalrailtraffic,usinganintegratedsystemofspecializedrollingstockanddedicatedtracks.ThefirstsuchsystembeganoperationsinJapanin1964andwaswidelyknownasthebullettrain.High-speedtrainsnormallyoperateonstandardgaugetracksofcontinuouslyweldedrailongradeseparatedright-of-waythatincorporatesalargeturningradiusinitsdesign.Overview

Since1964manycountriesinadditiontoJapanhavedevelopedhigh-speedrailtoconnectmajorcities(e.g.China,France,Germany,Italy,ROC(Taiwan),Turkey,SouthKoreaandSpain).Asof2012themaximumcommercialspeedonmosthigh-speedraillineswasabout300km/h(185mph).Whilehigh-speedrailisusuallydesignedforpassengertravel,somehigh-speedsystemsalsoofferfreightservice.Forinstance,theFrenchmailserviceLaPosteownsafewspecialTGVtrainsforcarryingpostalfreight.

FollowingtheFrenchTGV,in1991GermanywasthesecondcountryintheEuropetoinaugurateahigh-speedrailservice,withthelaunchoftheIntercity-Express(ICE)onthenewHannover-Würzburghighspeedrailway,operatingatatopspeedof280km/h.Theservicewasverypopularanddevelopmentcontinuedonhigh-speedrailinSpain.AsofDecember2010,theSpanishAVEsystemisthelongestHSRnetworkinEuropeandthesecondintheworld,afterChina.Europe

Despitetheearlyleaptowardshigh-speedrailwiththeHighSpeedGroundTransportationActof1965andtheShinkansen-inspiredMetrolinerservicebetweenNewYorkCityandWashington,D.C.TheU.S.laternationalizedandabandonedmostofthecountryspassengerserviceandinapoliticalenvironmentofneo-liberalism.TheU.S.Congressrefusedtofunddevelopmentofhigh-speedrail.Andtheproposedraillinewouldallowfortopspeedsof22