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Chapter32Retrovirus
Retroviridaeinclude7genera:AlpharetrovirusBetaretrovirusGammaretrovirusDeltaretrovirus:HTLV(HumanTLymphotropicVirus)EpsilonretrovirusLentivirus:HIV(HumanimmunodeficiencyVirus)Spumavirus:
Section1Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus
(HIV)
Ihaveit!–ithappenedonFriday,4February1983,at5:45p.m.
WorldAIDSprevalence2008
AIDSprevalenceinChina2006
HIVPathogenofAIDS(AcquiredImmunodeficiencySyndrome).HIV-1isfoundworldwide,HIV-2isfoundprimarilyinWestAfrica.9
Ⅰ.Biologicalproperties1.Morphology:Spherical,enveloped,spikes.2.Structure:Core:2copiesof+ssRNA(dimmer);reversetranscriptase;integrase,protease,RNaseHCapsidprotein:P24Matrixprotein:P17Envelope:gp41,gp12010
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gp41:mediatesfusionoftheviralenvelopewiththecellmembrane,facilitatestheviriontoenterthecell.gp120:*beassociatedwithadsorption(bindingsiteforCD4moleculeofTcells).*beabletostimulatetheproductionofneutralizingantibodies.*easyvariation.12
3.Genes:StructuralgenesRegulatorygenesLTRStructuralgenes:gag:codingforcapsidproteins(p17,p24,p7)pol:codingforprotease,reversetranscriptaseetc.env:codingforgp120,gp41.13
4.Resistance:weak,100℃20mininactivatedfrozenblood68℃72h5.Replication:Adsorption:gp120bindstoCD4moleculeofTcellsthenecessaryco-receptors?forHIV-1entry:CXCR4forT-cellline(T)-tropicstrainsCCR5formacrophage(M)-tropicstrains14
Penetration:membranefusionUncoating:Biosythesis:RNA---cDNA---RNA:DNAhybridmolecule---dsDNA---integratedintohostDNA(provirus)---staylatent---enteraproductivecycleAssembly,maturationandrelease:budding15
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Ⅱ.Pathogenesisimmunity1.Infectioussource:patients(symptomatic),infectiouspeople(anti-HIV(+),asymptomatic).2.Transmissionpathway:1)BySexualcontact;2)Bybloodor
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