城市经济学课件:The Role of Local Government.ppt

城市经济学课件:The Role of Local Government.ppt

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TheRoleofLocalGovernment

Introduction:QuestionstoAddressWhatistheroleoflocalgovernmentinthefederalsystem?Whydoesvotingwithmajorityrulegenerateinefficientoutcomes?16-2

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16-4

NationalversusLocalGovernmentRolesofGovernment:stabilization,incomedistribution,resourceallocationStabilization:MonetaryfiscalpolicyatnationallevelIncomedistribution:LocaleffortsunderminedbymobilityoftaxpayersandrecipientsResourceallocationbylocalgovernmentProvidelocalpublicgoodsManagenaturalmonopoliesInternalizelocalexternalities16-5

CharacteristicsofaLocalPublicGoodNon-rivalinconsumptionNon-excludable:impracticaltoexcludethosewhodon’tpayLocal:Benefitsconfinedtosmallgeographicalarea16-6

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AssumptionsofTieboutModel:VotingwithFeetEachhouseholdchoosesmunicipalitywithidealleveloflocalpublicgoodPerfectinformationandmobilityNointer-jurisdictionalspilloversNoscaleeconomiesHeadtaxfinanceslocalpublicgood16-10

Sorting:DemandforLocalPublicGoodsExampleinFig16-1:Loisville(6acres),Marianville(12),Hiramville(28)EvidenceofTieboutSortingLosAngeles:communitiesarehomogeneousw.r.t.demandLargervariationindemandmeansmoremunicipalitiesNational:Greaterethnicdiversitymeansmoredecentralization16-11

BenefitTaxationBenefitTaxisproportionaltoprivatebenefitofpublicgoodPracticalitiesDoesgovernmentknowmarginalbenefitofindividualcitizens?Howroughlydoesbenefitincreasewithincomeorpropertyvalue?16-12

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LocalGovernmentandNaturalMonopoliesNaturalmonopoly:IncreasingreturnstoscalelargerelativetodemandExamples:Water,Sewerservice,masstransit16-14

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LocalGovernmentandExternalitiesAxiom3:ExternalitiesCauseInefficiencyLocalgovernmentsrespondtolocalexternalitiesChapter8:Educationexternalitiesfromteamwork,voting,crimereductionChapter10:automobileexternalitiesPublicprovisionisoneresponsetoexternali

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