双语细菌感染与免疫.pptVIP

Chapter6

Bacterialinfectionandimmunity

细菌的感染与免疫

BasictermsBacterialinfection（细菌的感染）Pathogen（病原菌）Nonpathogen（非病原菌）Opportunisticpathogen（机会致病菌）

BacterialInfection细菌的感染Theprocessofbacteriainvadinginthebody,growinginthetissues,producingtoxinsandcausingdiseasesiscalledbacterialinfection.

Pathogen（病原菌）Pathogenicbacterium（致病菌）Abacteriumwhichcancauseadiseaseiscalledpathogen.Nonpathogen（非病原菌）Nonpathogenicbacterium（非致病菌）Abacteriumthatdoesnotcausediseaseiscallednonpathogen.

Opportunisticpathogen（机会致病菌）Conditionedpathogen（条件致病菌）Somebacteriaarecapableofcausingdiseasesonlyundercertainconditions.Theseorganismscancausediseaseonlyifoneormoreoftheusualdefencemechanismshumanshaveevolvedtorestrictmicroorganismsfromtheirusuallysterileinternalorgansandtissuearebreachedbyaccident,byintent(e.g.surgery),orbyanunderlyingmetabolicoraninfectiousdisorder(e.g.AIDS).

OutlineNormalfloraandopportunisticpathogenBacterialpathogenesisThehostimmunedefencesystemTheinitiationandcourseofinfectionHospitalinfection

Section1

Normalfloraandopportunisticpathogen

正常菌群与机会致病菌

★Normalflora（正常菌群）Normalmicrobialflora（正常微生物群）Thepopulationofmicroorganismsthatinhabittheskinandmucousmembranesofhealthypersons.Theyareusuallyharmless,someevenbeneficial,tohuman’shealth.

LocationsSurfacetissuesofskinOralcavityRespiratorytractGastrointestinaltractGenitourinarytract

Normalfloraonintestinalmucosa

肠道的正常菌群

★BeneficialeffectsofthenormalfloraBiologicalantagonism（生物拮抗）Productionofessentialnutrients（营养作用）Primingofimmunesystem（免疫作用）Anti-aging（抗衰老作用）

Biologicalantagonism(生物拮抗)Biologicalbarriers（生物屏障）orReceptorcompetition（受体竞争)Harmfulmetabolites（有害代谢产物）Nutrientcompetition（营养竞争）

Conditionedpathogen（条件致病菌）Somebacteriaarecapableofcausingdiseasesonlyundercertainconditions.Thesebacteriaarecalledopportunistic(conditioned)pathogens