城市经济学课件:Neighborhood Choice.ppt

城市经济学课件:Neighborhood Choice.ppt

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NeighborhoodChoice

IntroductionExtendmodelofresidentialchoicebeyondcommutingcostWhydopeoplesegregatebyincome,race,education?Whataretheconsequencesofsegregation?DiversityversusSegregation8-2

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AModelofSortingforLocalPublicGoodsFragmentedsystemoflocalgovernmentprovideschoiceCitywith3voterswithdifferingdemands(WTP)forparksCostofparks=$60peracre;sharedequallybycitizenswithheadtaxCollectivechoice:Majorityrules8-5

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MajorityRuleandtheMedianVoterSeriesofbinaryelectionsWinningsizeispreferredsizeofmedianvoter8-8

FormationofHomogeneousMunicipalitiesMetroareainitiallyhas3diversemunicipalities,eachwith3citizensSortingbyparkdemandmakesallowseveryonetogetpreferredparkLoistypesformmunicipalitywithsmallparkMariantypesformmunicipalitywithmediumparkHiramtypesformmunicipalitywithlargeparkHomogeneousmunicipalitiesaccommodatediversityindemand8-9

MunicipalityFormationforTaxPurposesSofar,assumethateachcitizen/voterinamunicipalitypaysthesametaxWhatiftaxbasevariesacrosscitizens?8-10

ImplicationsofVariationinTaxBaseVariationintaxbaseincreasesnumberofcommunitiesfrom3to9RealcitiesTaxonpropertyVariationinpropertyvaluecausesmunicipalformation8-11

NeighborhoodExternalitiesExternalitiesforkidsPositiveadultrolemodelsforkidsClassmatesinschool:focusedvs.disruptiveAdultexternalities:Jobinformation,drugusePositiveexternalitiesincreasewithincomeandeducationlevel8-12

NeighborhoodChoice:IntroductionWhogetsthedesirableneighbors?Segregatedorintegratedneighborhoods?Sortingormixingwithrespecttoincome,age,race?Implicationsforthepriceofland?8-13

BiddingforLotsinDesirableNeighborhoodsFocusonpositiveexternalitiesthatincreasewithincomeandeducationlevelWhatisincomemixofneighborhoods--segregated,orintegrated?ModelsetupTwoneighborhoods,AandB,eachwith100lotsTwo

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