完整word版河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译重点单词突出显示-特殊单词有注释Unit2Indi.docVIP

(完整word版)河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译(重点单词突出显示,特殊单词有注释)Unit2IndividualsandMasses(2)

(完整word版)河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译(重点单词突出显示,特殊单词有注释)Unit2IndividualsandMasses(2)

(完整word版)河海大学研究生英语课文及翻译(重点单词突出显示,特殊单词有注释)Unit2IndividualsandMasses(2)

A?man?or?woman?makes?direct?contact?with?society?in?two?ways:?as?a?member?of?some?familial,?professional?or?religious?group,?or?as?a?member?of?a?crowd.?Groups?are?capable?of?being?as?moral?and?intelligent?as?the?individuals?who?form?them;?a?crowd?is?chaotic,?has?no?purpose?of?its?own?and?is?capable?of?anything?except?intelligent?action?and?realistic?thinking.?Assembled?in?a?crowd,?people?lose?their?powers?of?reasoning?and?their?capacity?for?moral?choice.?Their?suggestibility?is?increased?to?the?point?where?they?cease?to?have?any?judgement?or?will?of?their?own.?They?become?very?excitable,?they?lose?all?sense?of?individual?or?collective?responsibility,?they?are?subject?to?sudden?excesses?of?rage,?enthusiasm?and?panic.?In?a?word,?a?man?in?a?crowd?behaves?as?though?he?had?swallowed?a?large?dose?of?some?powerful?intoxicant.?He?is?a?victim?of?what?I?have?called?herd-poisoning.?Like?alcohol,?herd-?poison?is?an?active,?extravagant过度的，奢侈的?drug.?The?crowd-intoxicated?individual?escapes?from?responsibility,?intelligence?and?morality?into?a?kind?of?frantic,?animal?mindlessness.?

过度的，奢侈的

?一个人通过以下两种方式与社会直接接触：作为某个家庭、职业或宗教组织的成员，或者仅仅是隶属于某个群体。一个组织所表现出来的智慧和道义是与其成员的一致的，而一个群体却是无秩序的，没有特定的目的并且无法进行明智的行为和现实性的思考。在一个群体里，人们失去了用逻辑思维来推论和选择对与错的能力，取而代之的是那个群体的集体思维的选择。他们因此也变得极为亢奋，将作为个人和大众的责任全都抛之脑后，易受到意想不到的过多怒气、狂热以及恐惧而极度情绪化。总之，一个人身处某个群体里就好像吃了大量的烈性致醉药物，他自己便是这种有毒药物的牺牲品。和酒精一样，这种药物能使人兴奋，并且是极度兴奋。被这种群体药物麻醉的人逃避责任，不愿动脑子，失去道德感，变得和疯子、动物没两样。?

?Reading?is?a?private,?not?a?collective?activity.?The?writer?speaks?only?to?individuals,?sitting?by?themselves?in?a?state?of?normal?sobriety.?The?orator?speaks?to?masses?of?individuals,?already?well-primed?with?herd-poison.?They?are?at?his?mercy?and,?if?he?knows?his?business,?he?can?do?what?he?likes?with?them.??

阅读是一种个人而不是集体的思维活动。作者叙述的对象是处于清醒状态的个人，而演讲家讲演的对象是由一个个被麻醉的个