专题13 全球变暖下的热天与热浪（原卷版）.docx

高中英语外刊时文阅读训练

专题13

全球变暖下的热天与热浪

Ⅰ.文章话题导入

Ⅱ.外刊原文阅读

Ш.阅读理解专项针对性练习

Ⅳ.话题高频词汇强化训练

Ⅴ.参考译文赏析

【话题·导语】

本月的另一项研究发现，如果地球继续升温到比工业化前水平高3°C或4°C，到本世纪末，欧洲的死亡人数可能会增加两倍。这些数字虽然令人震惊，但几乎可以肯定低估了全球变暖加剧的炎热天气造成的损失。

【原文·外刊阅读】

Hotdaysorheatwaves?Researchersdebatehowtocountdeathsfromheat

（文章来源：Science）

Morethan47,000Europeansdiedfromheat-relatedcauseslastyear,thewarmestonrecordglobally,astudypublishedthismonthfound.Thenumberwassurpassedonlybythe60,000Europeanswhodiedofheat-relatedcausesin2022.AnotherstudythismonthfoundthatthetollinEuropecouldtriplebytheendofthecenturyifEarthcontinuestowarmto3°Cor4°Cdegreesabovepreindustriallevels.Thenumbers,thoughshocking,almostcertainlyunderstatethetollofhotweather,worsenedbyglobalwarming.Butscientistsaren’tsurehowtodobetter.

Somearguethebestwaytounderstandtheimpactofheatistotrackhowdeathratesvarywithfluctuationsintemperature,astheEuropeanstudiesdid.Butotherssayatruermeasureistorelyonofficiallydeclaredheatwavesandcountexcessdeaths—thoseabovetheexpectednumber—eachday.

Thetwokindsofstudies“provideanswerstodifferentquestions,lookingatdifferentexposuremetrics,”saysenvironmentalepidemiologistJaimeMadriganoofJohnsHopkinsUniversity.Seeinghowdeathsvarywithtemperaturecapturesthehealtheffectsofgradualwarming,whereasfocusingonheatwaveshighlightstheconsequencesofextremecases.

Thedisputeisn’tjustacademic.Heatwavesgrabheadlinesandtheattentionofpolicymakers,spurringthemtoadoptheatwarningsystemsthaturgepeopletostayindoorsortakeotherprecautions.Butsomescientistsnotethatjustexaminingheatwavesomitsthedeathsthatoccurbeyondwhat’sconsideredextreme.

“Weshouldn’tlookatthemastwoeffortsinparallel,”saysoccupationalepidemiologistBarrakAlahmadofHarvardUniversity.Deathsfromheatareincreasing“anywhereyouputyoureye.”

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