2024_2025学年高中英语单元综合检测Unit1ScienceandScientists含解析新.docVIP

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单元综合检测(一)

Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

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WhenAlfredNobelcreatedtheprizesthatbearhisname，hedecidedthattheybegivenforworkdoneinthepreviousyear.Butithasledtoallkindsoftrouble—asitdidonceagainthismonth，whentheNobelPrizeinMedicineorPhysiologywasawardedtoadeadman.

Itisacomplexstory，onethatcouldnothavebeenforeseenwhenNobel，theSwedishinventor，diedin1896.Butitalltracesbacktohiswill，writtenatatimewheninternationalprizeswereanoriginalidea.

Nobeldidnotsaywhyhewantedtorewardscientistswho“madethemostimportantdiscovery”duringthepreviousyear.Onecanguessthathewantedtorewardpresent-dayinnovationandnottogivetombstoneawardstoGalileo，Hippocrates，andotherscientistsfromcenturiespast.

Butwillandscienceoftengotinvolved.Theone-yeartimingprovedimpractical；scientificfindingsgenerallyneedtobetested，sometimesfordecades，beforetheirvalueisappreciated.

PerhapstoavoidtheGalileoproblem，theNobelFoundationdidstateclearlythattheawardbegivenonlytolivingpeople；thatrulewasmadeformalinthe1970s.Buttheruleagainstposthumous(死后的)awardshasnowbeenviolatedseveraltimes—mostrecentlythismonth，whentheprizeinmedicinewasgiventoDr.RalphM．Steinman，ascientistatRockefellerUniversity，whodiedthreedaysbeforehiselection.Hisdiscovery，calleddendriticcells(树突细胞)，tookplacein1973.

ThefirstposthumouswinnerwasthepoetErikKarlfeldt.Karlfeldthadrefusedhisselectionin1918becausehewasalongtimememberoftheSwedishNobelAcademy.Whenhewasselectedagainin1931，hehaddiedthatApril.

Whathappensifacandidatedies？TheNobelFoundationmightconsiderchangesatitsnextmeeting.Onepossibilitywouldbetowithhold(阻挡)theannouncementofanawarduntilaNobelofficialhearsthewinnersvoiceonthefamousnotificationcalls.

【语篇解读】诺贝尔奖是一个国际奖项，用来嘉奖前一年在科学上取得重大发觉的人。诺贝尔基金会明确说明这个奖项只颁给活着的人，但科学发觉须要时间来检验