2024年我国政法大学在职硕士校考英语试题da.doc

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1、Criticsofearlyschoolingciteresearchthatquestionswhether4-year-oldchildrenarereadytotakeonformallearning.Educatorsfindthatoldertoddlersaremorelikelytosucceedduringtheirschoolcareers,whereastheiryoungercounterpartsaremorelikelytofail.Kindergartenchildrenwhoturnfiveduringthelatterhalfoftheyearseemtobeatadisadvantagewhenitcomestophysical,emotional,social,andintellectualdevelopment.Additionally,childrenwhoarenearlysixwhentheyenterkindergartentendtoreceivebettergradesandscorehigheronachievementteststhroughouttheirschoolingexperiencethandothosewhobeginkindergartenhavingjustturnedfive.Beingbrightandverballyskillfulandbeingreadyforschooldonotseemtobethesamething.Itiseasytoconfusethesuperficialpoiseandsophisticationofmanyoftoday’schildrenwithinnermaturity.Indeed,evidencesuggeststhatearlyschoolingboomerangs:Youngsterswhoseparentspushthemtoattainacademicsuccessinpreschoolarelesscreative,havemoreanxietyabouttests,and,bytheendofkindergarten,failtomaintaintheirinitialacademicadvantageovertheirless-pressuredpeers.

对初期教育的批评引用了有关4岁小朋友与否应准备接受正规教育的研究汇报。教育工作者发現，年龄较大的幼儿更轻易在他們的学业中获得成功，而年龄较小的幼儿更轻易失败。幼稚园的孩子在快到五岁時面临的生理、心理、社交和智力发展，似乎并不顺利。此外，快到六岁的孩子上幼稚园時往往会获得更好的成绩，并在学业上比那些刚满五岁上幼稚园的孩子成绩更好。天资聪慧、拥有語言体現技能与准备好上学并不一样样。人們很轻易将如今大多数内心成熟小朋友的表面上自信与精明混淆。实际上，有证据表明，过早教育会适得其反：那些由被父母规定在幼稚园进行应试教育学习的小朋友缺乏发明力，对考试愈加焦急，并在幼稚园結束時，与那些未被规定进行应试教育学习的小朋友相比，并不能在学习上保持其最初的优势。

Manypsychologistsandeducatorsremainskepticalofapproachesthatplace4-year-oldsinaformaleducationalsetting.Theyquestionwhetherenvironmentalenrichmentcansignificantlyalterthebuilt-indevelopmentaltimetableofachildrearedinanondisadvantagedhome.Theydonotdeny,however,thevalueofday-carecentersandnurseryschoolsthatprovideahomelikeenvironmentandallowchildrenconsiderable