河南省驻马店市新蔡县第一高级中学2024-2025学年高三上学期11月月考英语试题（解析版）.docx

新蔡县第一高级中学高三2024年11月份月考英语试题

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一、听力(共两节，满分30分)略

二、阅读理解(共两节，共20小题.每小题2.5分，满分50分)

第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，共37.5分)

A

Ifastrangerofferedyouafreecookie,youmightwelleatit.Butwhatiftheyofferedtoalsogiveyou$2?Youmightpolitelydeclineandwalkawaythinking.“Somethingsmellsfishy.”

InastudypublishedinPersonalityandSocialPsychologyBulletin,researchersfoundthatpeopletendtoturndownoffersof“freemoney,”aswellasunusuallycheapservices,becausetheyseem“toogoodtobetrue.”

Intheinitialexperiment,nearly40percentofparticipantsateacookieofferedfreely—comparedwithabout20percentofthoseoffered$2aswell.“Peopletypicallyimaginethingslikesomeonedidsomethingdisgustingtothecookie,”saysstudyleadauthorAndrewJ.Vonasch,apsychologicalscientistattheUniversityofCanterburyinNewZealand.

Ninefurtherexperimentsusedonlinequestionnairestopresentothercases.Theseincludedbeingofferedmoneytoacceptaridehomeandsurprisinglycheapflights.Ineachcase,pastacertainthreshold(门槛),higherpotentialmoneygainreducedparticipants’likelihoodofacceptingtheoffer.

Vonaschsaysthestudyillustratesthatcontrarytothe“standardeconomicmodel,”whichsupposeshumansalwaysseektomaximizegains,transactions(交易)needtoalsobeunderstoodassocialinteractionsbetweenpeopletryingtounderstandeachother’sminds.

Ifsomeoneseemstoviolateacceptednorms,suchasself-interest,withoutanyexplanation,weassumetheyhavehiddenmotivesandinfertherewillbe“phantom(幻影)costs”,imaginedconsequencesthatreducewhatVonaschcallsanoffer’s“psychologicalvalue”.Factorsbeyondthepresentmomentmaycomeintoplay.“Understandingthatothers’perceivedovergenerositymayputusintheirdebtcouldalsohelpexplainpeople’sreluctance,”saysVonasch.

Theresearchersalsoshowedhowtomaketheeffectlesssevere:simplyprovidearea