世界银行-印尼人力资本的有毒威胁：印尼家庭中含铅油漆的流行和影响（英）-2024.10-32页.pdf

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uAToxicThreattoIndonesia’sHumanCapital

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lPrevalenceandImpactofLeadPaintinIndonesianHomes

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PovertyandEquityGlobalPractice

October2024

PolicyResearchWorkingPaper10962

Abstract

About27,000Indonesiansdiedofleadpoisoningin2019.aslikelytoreportdeterioratingleadpaint.Calibratingthe

Wheremandatorylead-freestandardsareabsent,asistheIntegratedExposureUptakeBiokineticModelforLeadin

caseinIndonesia,leadpaintisamongthemostcommonChildrenmodeltotheseestimatessuggeststhatleadpaint

sourcesofpoisoning.Testsforleadininteriorpaintcon-exposurealonemaypush21percentofchildrenagedfive

ductedinanationallyrepresentativesampleofhouseholdsoryoungeroverthe5microgramsperdeciliterbloodlead

inDecember2023foundthatatleast44.8percentofthreshold,equivalentto55percentofIndonesia’stotal

Indonesiansliveinhomeswithleadpaint,risingtoatleastestimatedcasesamongchildrenintheGlobalBurdenof

57.9percentamongthoselivinginhomeswithanyvisibleDiseasedatabase.Newleadpaintcontinuestoaccumulate

interiorpaint.Indonesianchildrenaremoreoftenatrisk