《植物病虫害绿色防控技术》课件——二、小麦白粉病绿色防控（双语版）.pptx

;二小麦白粉病绿色防控

II.GreenPreventionandControlofWheatPowderyMildew

;（一）症状识别SymptomIdentification

此病可侵害小麦植株地上部各器官，但以叶片和叶鞘为主，发病重时颖壳和芒也可受害。初发病时，叶面上出现1～2mm的白色霉点，后逐渐扩大为近圆形或椭圆形白色霉斑，霉斑表面有一层白粉即为该菌的菌丝体和分生孢子；后期病部霉层变为灰白色至浅褐色，上面散生有针头大小的小黑粒点（闭囊壳）。通常植株下部叶片较上部叶片多，叶片背面较正面多，且病斑多时常愈合成片，病叶变褐枯死，严重影响小麦产量。

Thediseasemayaffecttheabove-groundorgansofwheatplants,butmainlyleavesandleafsheaths.Glumesandawnsmayalsobeaffectedwhenitissevere.Attheinitialonset,1-2mmwhitemildewspotsappearontheleaves,andthengraduallyexpandedintoroundorovalwhitemildewspots,onthesurfaceofwhichthereisalayerofwhitepowderthatisthemyceliaandconidiaofthisfungus;andatthefinalonset,thislayeratthediseasedpartsbecomesgrayishwhitetolightbrown,withsmallblackparticles(cleistothecia)aboutthesizeofapinheadscatteredonit.Generally,therearemoreleavesinthelowerpartofaplantthanintheupperpart,moreonthebackoftheleavesthanonthefront.Manyspotsoftengatherintoalargeone,andtheaffectedleavesturnbrownandwither,whichseriouslyaffectsthewheatyield.;小麦白粉病叶片受害症状

SymptomsofWheatPowderyMildewonLeaves;穗部受害症状

SymptomsofDamagetoEars;（二）病原Etiology

病菌有性态为禾布氏白粉菌，属子囊菌亚门布氏白粉菌属；无性态为串珠状粉孢菌，属半知菌亚门粉孢属。

TheteleomorphpathogenicbacteriaareBlumeriagraminis,fallingintoBlumeriaspp.Ascomycotina,andthoseanamorphonesareOidiummonilioides,fallingintoOidiumspp.Deuteromycotina.

该病菌为表面寄生菌，在寄主植物体上表生，无色，仅以吸器伸入寄主的细胞内吸收营养。菌丝向上垂直生成分生孢子梗，基部膨大成球形，梗上生有成串的分生孢子，一般有6～7个至10多个。分生孢子单胞、无色、卵圆形，分生孢子寿命较短，其侵染力只能保持3～4d。病斑霉层内的黑色小颗粒为病菌的闭囊壳。闭囊壳为黑色、球形，外有发育不全的丝状附属丝，内含有9～30个子囊。子囊为长椭圆形，内含8个或4个子囊孢子。子囊孢子椭圆形、无色、单胞。

Thispathogenissurfaceparasiticbacteria,whichgrowonthehostplantandarecolorless,andonlyusehaustoriatoabsorbnutrientsfromthehostcells.Thehyphaeverticallygenerateconidiophoresupward,andthebaseexpandsintoaball.Thereareconidiaonth