《病理学》6 呼吸系统疾病-英文教学课件（非AI生成）.ppt

DiseasesofRespiratorySystem呼吸系统疾病1

AnatomyandFunctionUpperrespiratorytractnasopharynx(鼻咽),larynx(喉)Lowerrespiratorytracttrachea(气管),bronchi(支气管) Rightbronchusdivergingatalesser angle,foreignmaterialmorefrequently aspirated Lobar,segmental,lobular2

1. Bronchialtree(通气） conductingportion frommainbronchitoterminalbronchioles2. Terminallungunit(gasexchange) respiratoryportion fromrespiratorybronchioletoalveoli3

Bronchialtree1. Mucosapseudostratifiedciliatedcolumncell gobletcell,producingmucus basalcell-stemcell smallgranulescell highlyspecializedbronchialliningcells, containingneurosecretorygranules2. Submucosalglandserousandmucus3. Wallsmoothmusclecontractile elasticfibers,provideflexibility cartilageplate,forsupport4

BronchiolesΦ1mm1. Mucosa ciliatedepithelialcell Claracell(non-ciliatedsecretorycell)2. Wallsmoothmusclenoglandnocartilage5

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Respiratorymembrane? AlveolitypeIcells 95%ofthesurfacegaspermeable? AlveolitypeIIcells 5%ofthesurface producingsurfactant,loweringthesurfacetension Involvedintherepairofalveolarepithelium? Capillarynetwork 85%~95%ofthesurface Arrangedideallyforgasexchange8

PulmonaryvasculatureDoublebloodsupply,protectingfromischemia Pulmonarycirculation:functional Bronchialsystem:nutrientPulmonarylymphcirculationDeepandsuperficialnetwork drainingtothehilumlymphnodesNolymphaticsinmostalveolarwalls9

LocationHostDefenseMechanismUpperAirwaysNasopharynxOropharynxNasalhairTurbinatesMucociliaryapparatusIgAsecretionSalivaSloughingofepithelialcellsLocalcomplementproductionInterferencefromresidentfloraDefensemechanisms10

ConducingAirwaysTrachea,bronchiLowerRespiratoryTractTerminalairways,alveoliCough,epiglotticreflexesSharp-angledbranchingofairwaysM