人教版高中英语选择性必修第四册精品课件 Unit 4 SHARING Section B Learning About Language.ppt

语法精讲英语中的短语是有一定意义但不构成独立从句或句子的一组词。从形式结构角度划分,英语的短语可分为名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语等。英语短语的句法功能通常与对应的单词的句法功能类似,比如,名词短语与名词功能相似,在句子中主要充当主语、宾语等;介词短语主要是充当定语、状语、补语等。1.名词短语名词短语由名词加其他的修饰语构成,在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语等成分。Aguideledustothestrawberryfield.一名向导领着我们到了草莓地。【即学即练】找出下列句中的名词短语,并指出其做什么成分。①Ihavethreeclosefriends.threeclosefriends作宾语②Therearesomeredrosesonthatsmalltable.someredroses作主语;thatsmalltable作宾语③Thecuteboywearingbluejeansismybrother.Thecuteboy作主语;bluejeans作宾语;mybrother作表语2.介词短语介词是一种虚词,不能独立在句中作成分,必须与名词、代词或动词-ing形式构成介词短语在句中作定语、表语、状语和补语等成分。Onhisarrivalattheairport,hefoundhisfriendhadleft.一到机场他就发现他的朋友已经离开了。【即学即练】用适当的介词填空①Itissaidthatanewschoolis________construction.?②________thepeoplewasthefamousastronaut.?③Idecidedtothrowawaytheolddesk______threelegs.?④Hewalkedthere,onlytofindhisson____thatcorner.?⑤Thegirl,along_____herparents,wenttoseethenewfilm.?underAmongwithinwith3.形容词短语形容词短语是指由几个形容词或形容词及其修饰语构成的短语,在句中可作表语、定语和状语等成分。Tiredandhungry,hecouldn’tgoanyfarther.又累又饿,他实在走不动了。【即学即练】单句写作①这个人既善良又勇敢。Themaniskindaswellasbrave.②他发现这个房间非常乱。Hefoundthisroomwasverymessy.③我相信我的儿子一定会成功的。Ibelievethatmysonissuretosucceed.4.副词短语副词短语是指由几个副词或副词及其修饰语构成的短语,在句中主要用作状语。Theboyreadthepoemoverandoveragain.那个男孩一遍又一遍地读那首诗。【即学即练】用所给单词的适当形式填空①Hespokeslowlybut________(clear),somostofuscouldfollowhim.?②Infact,shedidherworkmuch________(well)thanbefore.?③Itisobviousthatthechildcoulddescribetheaccidentbrieflyand________(vivid).?clearlybettervividly5.动词短语动词短语的构成主要有如下几种:(1)动词+副词blowup炸毁carryout执行findout查出givein屈服(2)动词+介词accountfor解释applyfor申请beginwith以……开始believein信任(3)动词+副词+介词addupto加起来;总共breakawayfrom脱离;摆脱catchupwith赶上;追上comeupto达到(4)动词+名词+介词catchholdof抓住catchsightof看见keepaneyeon留意keeppacewith赶上(5)动词+名词keepwatch监视takeplace发生takeaim瞄准(6)动词+介词+名词①动词后需跟宾