x射线基础知识.docxVIP

x射线基础知识

目录

1.内容概要................................................3

1.1X射线的发现与发展....................................3

1.2X射线的研究意义......................................4

2.X射线的基本概念.........................................5

2.1X射线的定义..........................................6

2.2X射线的特性..........................................7

2.2.1波粒二象性.......................................8

2.2.2波长和频率.......................................9

2.2.3能量和动量......................................10

2.3X射线的产生机制.....................................10

3.X射线的物理性质........................................11

3.1X射线的波长与能量关系...............................12

3.2X射线的穿透性.......................................13

3.3X射线的反射与折射...................................13

3.4X射线的吸收与散射...................................15

4.X射线在材料科学中的应用................................16

4.1X射线衍射...........................................17

4.1.1XRD基本原理.....................................18

4.1.2XRD应用实例.....................................19

4.2X射线荧光光谱.......................................20

4.2.1XRF基本原理.....................................21

4.2.2XRF应用实例.....................................22

4.3X射线计算机断层扫描.................................24

5.X射线设备与技术........................................25

5.1X射线发生器.........................................26

5.1.1X射线管.........................................26

5.1.2X射线发生器的工作原理...........................27

5.2X射线探测器.........................................28

5.2.1X射线探测器类型.................................29

5.2.2探测器的工作原理................................30

5.3X射线防护与安全.....................................31

6.X射线与其他物理现象的关系..............................33

6.1X射线与物质的相互作用...............................34

6.1.1吸收与散射......................................35

6.1.2激发与荧光......................................36

6.2X射线与其他辐射的关系...............................37

7.总结与展望......................