571-2020 影响炼油工业固定设备的损坏机理 中文译本（3-2部分）.pdf

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3.23蠕变和应力断裂

3.23.1损坏说明

a)在高温下［通常大子绝对熔化温度的一半，单位为。R(°K)],金属部

件在负载下会持续变形，甚至低于其弹性屈服应力。受力构件的这种随时间

变化的变形称为蠕变。

b)高温下的应力暴露最初会促进晶界三相点处的空洞形成，随着时间的推

移，空洞逐渐形成裂缝，