早产儿常见之问题.pptVIP

早產兒常見之問題(1)IVH(intraventricularhemorrhage):腦室內出血添加标题ROP(retinopathyofprematurity):早產兒視網膜病變添加标题PVL(periventricularleukomalacia):白質軟化症添加标题RDS(respiratorydistresssyndrome):呼吸窘迫症候群添加标题

早產兒常見之問題(2)BPD(bronchopulmonarydysplasia):支氣管肺發育不全01NEC(necrotizingenterocolitis):壞死性腸炎02PDA(patentductusarteriosus):開放性動脈導管03

Gestationalageestimationand

birthweightclassificationInfantareclassifiedbyGAasPreterm(37weeks)Term(37-416/7weeks)Postterm(42weeksormore)BirthweightclassificationNormalbirthweight(NBW):2500gmormoreLowbirthweight(LBW):2500gmVerylowbirthweight(VLBW):1500gmExtremelowbirthweight(ELBW):1000gm

LowsocioeconomicstatusMalnutritionWomenunderage16orover35IncreasedmaternalactivitySmokingAc.orchr.maternalillnessPrematurityIncidence:5-10%Etiology:mostforunknownreasonsMultiple-gestationbirthsPriorpoorbirthoutcomeObstetricfactorsFetalconditionsInadvertentearlydelivery

Problemofprematurity(1)Respiratory1Respiratorydistresssyndrome(RDS)2Apnea3Bronchopulmonarydysplasia(BPD)4Neurologic5Intraventricularhemorrhage(IVH)6Periventricularleukomalacia(PVL)7Cardiovascular8Hypotension9Patentductusarteriosus(PDA)10

Problemofprematurity(2)HematologicAnemiaHyperbilirubinemiaNutritionalFeedingproblemsType,amount,androuteoffeedingGastrointestinalNecrotizingenterocolitis(NEC)MetabolicAcidosisHyper-orhypoglycemiahypocalcemia

Problemofprematurity(3)RenalLowGFRInabilitytohandlewater,solute,andacidloadsTemperatureregulationHypothermiaandhyperthermiaImmunologicGreaterriskforinfectionOphthalmologicRetinopathyofprematurity(ROP)

Intraventricularhemorrhage(IVH)Inprematureinfant:

--occursinthegelatinoussubependymal

germinalmatrix--highlyvascularareawithimmatureblood

vesselsInterminfant:--germinalmatrixbecomeattenuatedand

tissue’svascularsupporthasstrengthened.

Intraventricularhemorrhage(IVH)TheincidenceofIVH:--10~20%o