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haltiwanger-et-al-2024-rising top falling bottom: industries and rising wage inequality自上而下:行业与工资不平等加剧.pdf

haltiwanger-et-al-2024-rising top falling bottom: industries and rising wage inequality自上而下:行业与工资不平等加剧.pdf

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AmericanEconomicReview2024,114(10):3250–3283

/10.1257/aer

RisingTop,FallingBottom:

IndustriesandRisingWageInequality†

ByJohnHaltiwanger,HenryR.Hyatt,andJamesR.Spletzer*

Mostoftheriseinoverallearningsinequalityfrom1996to2018

isaccountedforbyrisingbetween-industrydispersion.Thecon-

tributionofindustriesisright-skewedwiththetop10percentof

four-digitNAICSindustriesdominating.Thetop10percentare

clusteredinhigh-payinghigh-techandlow-payingretailsectors.

Inthetopindustries,high-wageworkersareincreasinglysorted

tohigh-wageindustrieswithrisingindustrypremia.Inthebottom

industries,low-wageworkersareincreasinglysortedintolow-

wageindustries,withrisingemploymentandfallingindustrywage

premia.(JELJ23,J24,J31,L25,M52)

Agrowingnumberofstudiesattributeincreasesinearningsinequalityto

risingbetween-firmdispersion.1WeconfirmthispatternwithUSmatched

employer-employeedatafrom1996to2018.Ourcontributionistodemonstratethat

risingbetween-industrydispersionaccountsformostoftheoverallincreaseinearn-

ingsinequality,andisdrivenbyarelativelysmallnumberofindustriesinthetails

oftheindustryearningsdistribution.About10percentoffour-digitNAICSindus-

triesaccountforvirtuallyalloftheincreaseinbetween-industrydispersion,while

*Haltiwanger:UniversityofMaryland(email:halt@);Hyatt:CenterforEconomicStudies,USCensus

Bureau(email:henry.r.hyatt@);

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