备战2025年高考二轮复习英语课件：阅读理解-议论文.pptVIP

WritinginTheRiseandReignoftheMammals,Brusattenotesthatanimalsinwarmerpartsoftheworldtodayareoftensmallerthanthoseincolderareas,anecologicalprincipleknownasBergmann’srule.“Thereasonsarenotentirelyunderstood,butitisprobably,inpart,becausesmalleranimalshaveahighersurfacearearelativetotheirvolumethanbiggeranimalsandcanthusimprovethedissipationoftheextraheat,”hewrites.Brusattesaidthatbecomingsmallerwas“acommonwaythatmammalsdealwithclimatechange”.Headded,“That’snottosayeveryspeciesofmammalwouldgetsmaller,butitseemstobeacommonsurvivaltrickofmammalswhentemperaturesriseprettyquickly.Thatdoesraisethequestion:Iftemperaturesdorisereallyquickly,mighthumansgetsmaller?AndIthinkthat’scertainlyreasonable.”However,notallexpertsagreethatrisingtemperaturecausesmammalstoshrink.ProfessorAdrianLister,oftheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon,saidtherelationshipshownbytherecenthumanremainsstudyisweak.“Wearenotreallycontrolledbynaturalselection,”hesaid.“Ifthatwasgoingtohappen,you’dneedtofindlargepeopledyingbeforetheycouldreproducebecauseofclimatewarming.Thatisnothappeningintoday’sworld.Wewearclothes,andwehavegotheating,justaswehavegotairconditioningifitistoohot.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了气候变化对哺乳动物尤其是人类的体型的影响。1.HowdomammalscopewithclimatechangeaccordingtoBrusatte?A.Movingtocolderregions.B.Reducingtheirbodysize.C.Losingtheirweight.D.Adaptingtheirdiet.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段“Theclimatecrisismayleadthehumanracetoshrinkinsize,asmammalswithsmallerframesappearbetterabletodealwithrisingglobaltemperatures,aleadingfossilexperthassaid.”及第四段中“Brusattesaidthatbecomingsmallerwas‘acommonwaythatmammalsdealwithclimatechange’.”可知,根据Brusatte的说法,哺乳动物减小体型来应对气候变化。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dissipation”inparagraph3mean?A.Exchange. B.Formation.C.A