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高考英语阅读理解-说明文8篇真题训练
高考英语复习阅读理解专练说明文8篇
Passage1(2017北京,C)
Measles(麻疹),whichoncekilled450childreneachyearand
disabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14
yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine(疫苗).Butthe
diseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccine
movementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Already
thisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA,
comparedwith189foralloflastyear.
Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleading
edgeofadangeroustrend.Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh,
astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected.
Thisiscalled“herdimmunity”,whichprotectsthepeoplewho
gethurteasily,includingthosewhocan’tbevaccinatedfor
medicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeople
onwhomthevaccinedoesn’twork.
Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherd
joinsin.Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride,
immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.
That’sexactlywhatishappeninginsmallneighborhoods
aroundthecountryfromOrangeCounty,California,where22
measlescaseswerereportedthismonth,toBrooklyn,N.Y.,where
a17-year-oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.
Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades,andit
isdrivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk.Thosewhorefusetotake
thatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer.
Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasyto
optout(决定不参加)ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccines
forallchildrenenteringkindergarten.Seventeenstatesallow
parentstogetanexemption(豁免),sometimesjustbysigninga
papersayingtheypersonallyobjecttoavaccine.
Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyadding
newregulationsforoptingout.Butnoonedoesenough
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