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Chapter4Syntax
Abranchoflinguisticsthatstudiestherulesthatgoverntheformationofsentences.4.1Whatissyntax?thecompositionofsentences:word-levelcategoriesphrasecategories;rulesgoverningtheorganizationofdifferentcategoriesintolargerstructuralunits:phrasestructurerulesentenceruleSyntax:(Greek)arrangement
Discussion:Whatcanyoufillinthecontext“The________issmiling.”?4.2Categories
Discussion:Ishereallythatkind?Theycanfishhere.4.2CategoriesDiscussthepossiblemeaningsofthefollowingsentences.Whatcausesthedifferentinterpretationsofeachofthesesentences?
1.Word-levelcategoriesCategory:agroupoflinguisticitems(asentence,anounphrase,averb)whichfulfillthesameorsimilarfunctionsinaparticularlanguage.4.2CategoriesSyntacticcategory:aword(calledaword/lexicalcategory)oraphrase(calledaphrasecategory)thatperformsaparticularfunctioninasentence.1)Definition
1.Word-levelcategoriesMajorlexicalcategory:(heads)Noun,Verb,Adjective,Preposition4.2Categories2)TypesMinorlexicalcategory:Determiner,Degreewords,Qualifier,Auxiliary,Conjunction
1.Word-levelcategoriesMeaning:wordcategoriesbearrelationshipwithmeaningn.:entities(humanbeings,objects)v.:action,sensations,statesadj.:attributeofentitiesadv.:thepropertiesandattributesoftheactions,sensationsandstates4.2Categories3)Threecriteriaareusedtodetermineaword’scategory.
1.Word-levelcategoriesInflection:wordsofdifferentcategoriestakedifferentinflections.n.:-sv.:-ed,-ingadj.:-er,-est4.2Categories3)Threecriteriaareusedtodetermineaword’scategory.
1.Word-levelcategoriesdistribution:whattypeofelementscanco-occurwithacertainword.n.:determinerv.:auxilia
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