梯度多胞材料的动态力学性能分析与设计研究综述.pdfVIP

梯度多胞材料的动态力学性能分析与设计研究综述*

摘要：多胞材料是一种内部含有大量空穴和胞元的结构，具有轻质、高比吸能等特性，广泛应用于航空航天、交

通运输和人体防护等碰撞/爆炸防护领域。引入梯度设计可实现多胞材料的有序耗能和载荷调控，满足不同情形和工

况下的防护需求。对梯度多胞材料动态力学行为和设计的研究进展进行了综述，着重介绍了梯度多胞材料/结构在抗

冲击、抗爆炸和模拟爆炸载荷加载3个方面的应用案例。首先，介绍了梯度多胞材料的分类，较系统地总结了梯度多

胞材料在动态加载下的变形特征、冲击波模型、防护性能等方面的研究，阐明了梯度多胞材料的密度/强度梯度与惯性

效应存在的竞争机制。其次，以冲击波模型为力学原理指导梯度多胞材料/结构设计，介绍了梯度多胞材料耐撞性反

向设计、多种抗爆炸夹芯结构设计、计及弹靶耦合效应的爆炸载荷模拟器设计等策略，实现了最佳防护效果或载荷精

准控制，为抗冲击/抗爆炸防护设计和快速评估提供理论基础和技术支撑。最后，展望了梯度多胞材料在极端环境加

载、大能量冲击和强非线性载荷调控等需求下冲击防护领域的应用前景。

关键词：梯度多胞材料；动态力学性能；耐撞性设计；抗爆炸设计；载荷模拟设计

Reviewondynamicmechanicalanalysisanddesignof

gradedcellularmaterials

Abstract:Cellular

materials

are

structures

with

a

large

number

of

internal

cavities

and

cells,

which

have

the

properties

of

lightweight

and

high

specific

energy

absorption,

and

they

are

widely

used

in

the

collision/explosion

protection,

such

as

aerospace,

transportation,

and

human

protection.

Introducing

a

gradient

design

to

cellular

materials

helps

the

materials

to

meet

the

protection

requirements

in

different

scenarios

and

conditions

with

the

properties

of

orderly

dissipation

of

energy

and

manipulation

of

loads.

A

review

of

research

advances

in

the

dynamic

analysis

and

design

on

mechanical

behavior

of

graded

cellular

materials

is

presented.

Three

cases

of

the

applications

of

graded

cellular

materials/structures,

i.e.,

impact

resistance,

blast

resistance,

and

blast-mimicking

loading,

are

elaborated.

Firstly,

graded

cellular

materials

are

briefly

described

from

various

aspects,

such

as

natural

vs.

artificial,

layered

vs.

continuous,

strength

gradient

vs.

density

gradient,

and

conventional

manufacturing

vs.

additive

manufacturing.

The

studies

of

the

deformation

characteristics,

shock

wave

models,

and

protective

properties

of

graded

cellular

materials

under

dynamic

loading

are

then

reviewed

systematically.

A

competitive

mechanism

of

density/strength

gradients

and

inertial

effects

exists

in

graded

cellular

materials

to

synergistically

modulate

collapse

deformation