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CommercialBankingStructure,Regulation,andPerformance
2IntroductionCommercialbanksmakeseveraldecisionstheinterestratestheywillpayto“hire”fundsthetypesofdepositstheywilloffertheinterestratestheywillchargetolendtheirfundsthetypesofloanstheywillmakethetypesofsecuritiestheywillacquireEachofthesedecisionsaffectsthesupplyanddemandforfunds
3TheBankingRegulatoryStructureRegulationinvolvestheformulationandissuanceofspecificrulestogovernthestructureandconductofbanksTheprimaryreasonthebankingsystemisregulatedistopreserveitssafetyandsoundnessandensurethefairandefficientdeliveryofbankingservices
4TheBankingRegulatoryStructureTheregulatorystructureinplaceatthebeginningofthe1970swascreatedduringthe1930sputinplaceasaresultofbankfailuresduringtheGreatDepressionthefailureofthesebankswasallegedtobedueto“excessiveanddestructive”competitionamongbanksleadingtoexcessivelyhighinterestratesthegrantingofoverlyriskyloans(particularlytostockmarketspeculators)
5TheBankingRegulatoryStructureTheGlass-SteagallActof1933establishedmaximumceilingoninterestratespaidbybanksondeposits(knownasRegulationQ)interestpaymentsondemanddepositswereprohibitedestablishedtheFederalDepositInsuranceCorporation(FDIC)
6TheBankingRegulatoryStructureTheGlass-SteagallActof1933separatedcommercialbankingfrominvestmentbankingbankscouldnotownorunderwritecorporatesecuritiestheassetsabankcouldholdwerelimitedtocash,governmentsecurities,andloans
7TheBankingRegulatoryStructureTheFedisthemostimportantregulatorofcommercialbanks(thataremembersoftheFed)Fromthe1930stothe1980s,theFedsharedregulatoryresponsibilitieswithtwofederalbodiestheComptrolleroftheCurrencytheFDIC
8TheBankingRegulatoryStructurePriortothe1980s,thescopeofregulationincludedrestrictionsonentrybranchin
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