新外研版英语必修一_Unit2 单元话题阅读理解练习.pdf

新外研版英语必修一_Unit2 单元话题阅读理解练习.pdf

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Unit2ExploringEnglish

单元话题阅读理解练习

2023··ThePirahaareaprimitiveAmazoniantribe()of

(春广东汕头高一金山中学校考期中)部落

hunter-gathererswholivedeepintheBrazilianrainforest.Thetribehassurvived,theirculturewell-preserved,for

centuries,althoughtherearenowonlyaround200left.ThePiraha,whocommunicatemainlythroughsoundsand

whistles,havefascinatedscientistsforyears,mainlybecausetheyhavealmostnowordsfornumbers.Theyuse

onlythreewordstocountone,two,andmany.

WeknowaboutthePirahathankstoProfessorDanEverelt,whospentsevenyearswiththetribeinthe70s

and80s.Evereltdiscoveredaworldwithoutnumbers,withouttime,withoutwordsforcolors,withoutclausesand

withoutapasttense.Theirlanguage,hefound,wasnotjustsimplegrammatically;itwaslimitedinitsrangeof

soundsanddifferedbetweenthesexes.Forthemen,ithasjust11speechsounds;forthewomen,ithasonly10,

thesmallestnumberofspeechsoundsintheworld.Thelanguagesoundsmorelikehummingthanspeech.The

Pirahacanalsowhistletheirlanguage,whichishowmencommunicatewhenhunting.

Theircultureissimilarlyconstrained.ThePirahacan’twrite,havelittlecollectivememory,andnoconcept

ofdecorativeart.In1980Everelttriedtoteachthemtocount,heexplainedbasiccountingskillstoanenthusiastic

groupfondoflearningthemtotradewithothertribes.Aftereightmonths,notonecouldcounttoten;evenone

plusonewasbeyondthem.TheexperimentseemedtoconfirmEverelt’stheory:thetribejustcouldn’tunderstand

theconceptofnumber.

ThePiraha’sinabilitytocountisimportantbecauseitseemstodisproveNoamChomsky’sinfluentialTheory

ofUniversalGrammar,which

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