英语国家社会与文化入门(第三版)下册名词解释.pdf

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1、thefirstEnglishpermanentsettlement

wasorganizedin1607bytheLondonCompanywithacharterfromtheEnglishKJing.The

colonistssettledinVirginiaandsurvivedbyimposingstrictdisciplineonthemselvesandby

transplantingtobaccointothecolonyofVirginia.In1619,thesettlerselectedtheirdelegatesand

setuptheHouseofBurgesses,andthesametimetheyboughtandenslavedblack

servants.ThesetwoeventsgreatlyinfluencedthepoliticalandsocialdebelopmentoftheUnite

Stateslater

2、Puritans

werethosewhofollowedthedoctrineofJohnCalvinandwantedtopurifytheChuurchof

England.TheybelievethathumanbeingswerepredestinedbyGodbeforetheywereborn.Some

wereGodschosenpeoplewhileothersweredamnedtohell.Nochurchnorgoodworkscould

savepeople.ThesignofbeingGodselectwasthesuccessinhisoorkortheprosperityinhis

calling.TheyalsoarguedthateveryonemustreadtheBibleinordertofindGodswilland

establishadirectcontactwithGod.ThesebeliefshadgreatimpactonAmericanculture.

3、GeorgeWashington

wasoneofthefoundingfathersoftheAmericanRepublic.HewastheCommander-in-chiefofthe

ContinentalAemyintheWarofIndependenceagainsttheBritishcolonialruleandthefirst

PresidentoftheUS

4、BenjaminFranklinwasoneofthefoundingfathersoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.He

participatedinwritingthedeclarationofindependenceandmakingtheUSConstitution

5、TheDeclarationofIndependencewasmainlydraftedbyTomasJeffersonandadoptedby

theCongressonJuly4,1776,whenthepeopleof13EnglishcoloniesinNorthAmericawere

fightingfortheirfreedomandindependencefromtheBritishcolonialrule.Thedocumentdeclared

thatallmenwereequalandthattheywereentitledtohavesomeunalineablerightssuchas

life,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.Italsoexplainedthephilosophyofgovernment:thepower

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