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器官移植麻醉双语.ppt

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**湘雅医院麻醉科张海萍AnesthesiaforKidneyTransplantationKidneysarethemostcommonmajororgantransplanted,thesuccessofkidneytransplantation,whichislargelyduetoadvancesinimmunosuppressivetherapy,hasgreatlyimprovedthequalityoflifeforpatientswithend-stagerenaldisease.IndicationsPatientswithend-stagerenaldiseasesanddependentondialysis(透析)foralongtime.Characteristicof

PathophysiologyChangesofelectrolyteandacid-basebalanceWaterintoxication(水中毒),hyperkalemia(高钾),hyponatremia(低钠),hypernatremia(高钠)andmetabolicacidemia(代酸).CardiovascularHypertension(高血压)Renalischemia,sodiumretentionandabnormalitiesintherenin-agiotensionsystemresultinsystemichypertension.Uremiccardiacdiseasemyocardiosis(心肌炎),pericarditis(心包炎),leftventricularhypertrophy)(左室肥大),coronaryischemia(冠脉缺血),angiosclerosis(血管硬化).Potentialcongestiveheartfailure(潜在性充血性心力衰竭)andpulmonaryedema(肺水肿)arrhythmia(心律失常)Hematologic1Bonemarrowsuppression,decreasederythropoietinproduction,decreasederythrocyteproduction,increaseddeformationerythrocyteproductionandincreasedbleedingtendencyAnemia(贫血).2Liverdiseasecoagulationfactor,Uremia(尿毒症)andusingofheparincoagulationdisorder,bleedingtime.3Otherchanges01Nausea(恶心),vomit(呕吐),anorexia(厌食),diarrhoea(腹泻),ascites(腹水)andgastricdilatation(胃扩张).02Infection(感染).03Hypoproteinemia(低蛋白血症),hyperglycemia(高血糖症).04EvaluationandpreparationbeforeanesthesiaPreanestheticevaluationThisassessmentincludesapatienthistory,aphysicalexaminationandanyindicatedlabtests,classifyingthepatientaccordingtotheASAphysicalstatusscalecompletestheassessment.*GeneralconditionPatientsareoftencombinedwithhypoproteinemia,anemia,coagulationdisorderandfluid,electrolyteandacid-basedisturbanceandsoon.ConcurrentdiseasesCardiovascular,pulmonary,cer

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