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BigData
BigdataisnortoftheP3syllabus:
C1(e)Discusshowbigdatacanbeusedtoinformandimplement
businessstrategy.
Therearemanydefinitionsoftheterm‘bigdata’butmostsuggest
somethinglikethefollowing:
Extremelylargecollectionsofdata(datasets)thatmaybeanalysedto
revealpatterns,trends,andassociations,especiallyrelatingtohuman
behaviourandinteractions.
Inaddition,manydefinitionsalsostatethatthedatasetsaresolarge
thatconventionalmethodsofstoringandprocessingthedatawillnot
work.
In2001DougLaney,ananalystwithGartner(alargeUSITconsultancy
company)statedthatbigdatahasthefollowingcharacteristics,knownas
the3Vs:
Volume
Variety
Velocity
Thesecharacteristics,andsometimesadditionalones,havebeen
generallyadoptedastheessentialqualitiesofbigdata.
big-data2-diagram
ThecommonestfourthVthatissometimesaddedis:
Veracity:isthedatatrueandcanitsaccuracybereliedupon?
Volume
ThevolumeofbigdataheldbylargecompaniessuchasWalmart
(supermarkets),AppleandEBayismeasuredinmultiplepetabytes.What
isapetabyte?It’s1015bytes(characters)ofinformation.Atypicaldisc
onaalcomputer(PC)holds109bytes(agigabyte),sothebigdata
depositoriesofthesecompaniesholdatleastthedatathatcould
typicallybeheldon1millionPCs,perhapseven10to20millionPCs.
Thesenumbersprobablymeanlittleevenwhenconvertedinto
equivalentPCs.Itismoreinstructivetolistsomeofthetypesofdata
thatlargecompanieswilltypicallystore.
Retailers
Vialoyaltycardsbeingswipedatcheckouts:detailsofallpurchasesyou
make,when,where,howyoupay,useofcoupons.
Viawebsites:everyproductyouhaveeverylookedat,everypageyou
havevisited,everyproductyouhaveeverbought.
Socialmedia(suchasand)
Friendsandcontacts,postingsmade,yourlocationwhenpostingsare
made,photographs(thatcanbescannedforidentification),anyother
datayoumightchoosetorevealtotheuniverse.
Mobilephonecompanies
Numbersyouring,textsyousend(whichcanbeautomaticallyscanned
forkeywords),everylocationyourphonehaseve
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