2023年12月大学英语四级真题和答案解析第二套.pdfVIP

太上有立德，其次有立功，其次有立言，虽久不废，此谓不朽。——《左传》

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2023年12月大学英语四级真题和答案解析第二套

第一部分：阅读理解

Passage1

题目：

Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageis

followedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreach

ofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).You

shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorresponding

letteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.

PassageOne

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Throughouthistorysocietieshavestruggledwithabasic

problem:howtoensurethatenoughpeopleworkwhenthe

forcesagainstworkingaresostrong.Therearetwokindsof

forcesagainstworking—anindividual’sdesiretoenjoyleisure,

andthepopulation’sabilitytoenjoythefruitsofotherpeople’s

laborbecauseofthehumanabilitytoproducefarmorethan

weneedtosurvive.Therefore,workhasnotalwaysbeen

necessaryforsurvival.

Untilabout10,000yearsagomostlivingwasdoneby

huntingandgathering.Individualsspent,onaverage,only

about20hoursaweekcollectingfood.Huntingandgathering

societiesenjoyedanabundanceofleisuretime.Butthese

1

太上有立德，其次有立功，其次有立言，虽久不废，此谓不朽。——《左传》

未知驱动探索，专注成就专业

societiesalsohadverylimitedresourcestosupportpopulation

growth.Overtime,thecombinationofpopulationgrowthand

lowindividualproductivitycreatedapowerfulneedformore

efficientformsoflabor.Inthelast500yearsthisneedwasmet

bytheIndustrialRevolution.Societybeganinvestingmore

heavilyinscience,technology,andespeciallym