《遗传学》第九章 染色体畸变-教学课件（非AI生成）.ppt

Howdopolyploidspeciesarise?Autopolyploids同源多倍体(Potato)ChromosomedoublingGenomesfromthesamespeciesChromosomesformpolyvalents多价体inmeiosisAllopolyploids异源多倍体(Oilseedrape油菜籽,wheat小麦)Specieshybridisation杂交GenomesfromdifferentspeciesChromosomesformbivalents二价体inmeiosis**Raphanussativa(2n=18)XBrassicaoleracea(2n=18)RRBBRB18lRaphanobrassica(2n=36)18ll(allopolyploid)*秋水仙素诱发细胞多倍体*Barley大麦Haploid单倍体chromosome

doublingwithcolchicine*SuccessofartificialpolyploidsMostnewlyinducedpolyploidshavereducedseedsetbecauseofdisturbedmeiosisVegetativepropagated营养体繁殖typesverysuccessful(Potato,begonias秋海棠andotherflowers)Seedpropagated种子繁殖maydevelopmostbivalent二价formationtohavegoodseedset(triticale黑小麦)*ImportantpolyploidsBananas香蕉(autotriploid)Alfalfa紫花苜蓿(autotetraploid)Peanut花生(allotetraploid)Breadwheat普通小麦(allohexaploid)Triticale黑小麦(allooctaploid)Sugarbeethybrids甜菜(autotriploid)Elatiorbegonia丽格海棠(allotriploid)*TriticumT.monococcum(2n=14)T.dicoccum(2n=28)T.dicoccoiides(2n=28)T.aestivum(2n=42)(x=7)染色体组分析：拿所要分析的多倍体种和比它倍数性低的种杂交，然后观察杂种减数分裂的配对情况。*T.monococcum×T.dicoccoides217ll+7lAABT.monococcum×T.aestivum287ll+14lAABDT.dicoccoides×T.aestivum3514ll+7lAABBDT.dicoccoides×T.tauschii2121lABDT.monococcum×T.tauschii1414lADT.tauschii×T.aestivum287ll+14lABDDT.dicoccoides×T.searsii217ll+7lABB*T.monococcum×T.searsii(orT.Aegilopsspeltoides)AB(14l)T.Dicoccoides×T.tauschiiABD(21l)T.aestivum2n=42AABBDD(21ll)2n=14DD2n=28AABB2n=14BB2n=