医疗人工智能侵权行为法律规制研究.pdf

医学与法

医学与哲学2022

年7

月第43

卷第

14

期总第697期

医疗人工智能侵权行为法律规制研究*

①②③④

谈在祥蒋雨彤

摘要：随着人工智能在医疗行业的迅速发展，各类侵权案件屡有发生。我国关于医疗人工智能侵权具体案件的责任认定存在

许多争议，主要因为责任主体的法律地位、法律适用的类型、归责的原则、责任承担的举证等问题悬而未决。通过分析我国

医疗人工智能侵权责任规制的应用困境，借鉴美国、欧盟、德国和日本等的先进经验与探索，提出分阶段厘定医疗人工智能

的法律地位；分阶段、情形适用不同类型责任与归责原则；利用“黑匣子”记录医疗人工智能信息；对人工智能产品确立必要

的监管或处置机制；建立医疗责任强制保险和赔偿基金等相关的应对建议。

关键词：医疗人工智能，医疗损害，侵权责任，责任认定

中图分类号：R-05文献标识码：A文章编号：1002-0772(2022)14-0060-06

DOI：10.12014/j.issn.1002-0772.2022.14.12

ResearchonLegalRegulationofMedicalArtificialIntelligenceTortsTANZai-xiang,JIANGYu-tong．

SchoolofManagement,

XuzhouMedicalUniversity,Xuzhou221004,China

Abstract：With

the

rapid

development

of

artificial

intelligence

in

the

medical

industry,

various

tort

cases

have

occurred

frequently.There

are

many

controversies

in

China

about

the

liability

determination

of

specific

cases

of

medical

AI

infringement,

mainly

because

of

the

unresolved

issues

such

as

the

legal

status

of

the

responsible

subject,

the

type

of

legal

application,

the

attribution

of

legal

application,

and

the

proof

of

responsibility.

By

analyzing

the

dilemma

of

medical

AI

tort

liability

regulation

in

China

and

drawing

on

the

advanced

experience

and

exploration

of

the

United

States,

the

European

Union,

Germany

and

Japan,

we

proposed

to

define

the

legal

status

of

medical

AI

in

stages;

to

apply

different

types

of

liability

and

imputation

principles

in

different

stages

and

situations;

to

use

the

black

box

to

record

medical

AI

information;

to

establish

the

necessary

regulatory

or

disposal

mechanism

for

AI

products;

and

to

establish

medical

liability

compulsory

insurance

and

compensation

funds.

KeyWords：medical

artificial

intelligence,

medical

damage,