儿科英文课件化脓性脑膜炎Bacterialmeningitis.ppt

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2025-01-14 发布于浙江
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儿科英文课件化脓性脑膜炎Bacterialmeningitis.ppt

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IntroductionAnnualincidenceinthedevelopedcountriesisapproximately5-10per100000.30000infantsandchildrendevelopbacterialmeningitisinUnitedStateseachyear.Approximately90percentofcasesoccurinchildrenduringthefirst5yearsoflife.

IntroductionCasesunderage2yearsaccountforalmost75%ofallcasesandincidenceisthehighestinearlychildhoodatage6-12monthsthaninanyotherperiodoflife.Therearesignificantdifferenceintheincidenceofbacterialmeningitisbyseason.

EtiologyCausativeorganismsvarywithpatientage,withthreebacteriaaccountingforoverthree-quartersofallcases:Neisseriameningitidis(meningococcus)Haemophilusinfluenzae(ifveryyoungandunvaccinated)Streptococcuspneumoniae(pneumococcus)

EtiologyOtherorganismsNeonatesandinfantsatage2-3monthsEscherichiacoliB-haemolyticstreptococciStaphylococcusaureusStaphylococcusepidermidisListeriamonocytogenes

EtiologyElderlyandimmunocompromisedListeriamonocytogenesGramnegativebacteriaHospital-acquiredinfectionsKlebsiellaEscherichiacoliPseudomonasStaphylococcusaureus

EtiologyThemostcommonorganismsNeonatesandinfantsundertheageof2monthsEscherichiacoliPseudomonasGroupBStreptococcusStaphylococcusaureus

EtiologyChildrenover2monthsHaemophilusinfluenzaetypebNeisseriameningitidisStreptococcuspneumoniaeChildrenover12yearsNeisseriameningitidisStreptococcuspneumoniae

EtiologyMajorroutesofleptomeninginfectionBacteriaaremainlyfromblood.Uncommonly,meningitisoccursbydirectextensionfromnearlyfocus(mastoiditis,sinusitis)orbydirectinvasion(dermoidsinustract,headtrauma,meningo-myelocele).

PathogenesisSusceptibilityofbacterialinfectiononCNSinthechildrenImmaturityofimmunesystemsNonspecificimmuneInsufficientbarrier(Blood-brainbarrier)InsufficientcomplementactivityInsufficientchemotaxisofneutrophilsInsufficientfunctionofmonocyte-macrophagesystemBloodlevelsofdiminished