局部解刨学--胸部课件.ppt

局部解剖学1

TheBonyThoraxSternumManubrium,Body(Gladiolus),XiphoidProcessRibs7TrueRibs5FalseRibsClavicleScapulaVertebraeCervicle,Thoracic,Lumbar,Sacral(Sacrum),Coccygeal(Coccyx)11/19/20248:41:04PM2

TheSternum

(Composedoffusedsternebrae)

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一、胸前外侧壁解剖程序(一)尸位(二)摸认体表标志(三)翻开浅部结构(四)解剖肋间隙．1．肋间肌2．肋间后动、静脉和肋间神经．(五)打开胸前壁1．断离锁骨2．切断肋间肌3．剪断肋骨4．切断胸锁乳突肌与舌骨下肌的起点5．掀开胸前壁6．切断膈的前部起点(六)剖查胸前壁内面的结构1．胸内筋膜和胸横肌2．胸廓内动、静脉和胸骨旁淋巴结11/19/20248:41:05PM7

（一）胸前外侧壁1．尸位：取仰卧位。2．摸认体表标志：颈静脉切迹、胸骨角、剑突、肋、肋间隙、肋弓、胸骨下角、剑肋角。3．解剖胸壁结构：胸前外侧壁浅部结构已在上肢解剖时剖查，现逐层翻开皮片、筋膜、胸大肌、胸小肌、复查肋间神经前皮支和外侧皮支穿出部位，清理胸大、小肌在胸壁上的附着部分，将前踞肌自起点剥离，连同支配该肌的胸长神经一起翻向外侧，并观察其与腹外斜肌肌齿的交错。11/19/20248:41:05PM8

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MammaryGlandPg72611/19/20248:41:05PM11

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4．解剖肋间隙：（1）观察肋和肋间隙：自胸骨角向外确认第2肋，以此计数肋和肋间