初中资料：英语从句总结.docxVIP

宾语从句

?一、定义?

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

二、连接词?

that:?Ithinkthatyoucanpasstheexam.Whether/if:Idon’tknowwhatthewordmeans.“Wh”:?Idon’tknowwhatthewordmeans.Idon’tknowwherehefoundthebook.

只用whether的情况：1.与ornot连用：Idon’tknowwhetherit’srainingornot.2.与动词不定式连用：Hedoesn’tknowwhethertoaccepttheinvitation.3.连接词前有介词时：Itdependsonwhetherheiscoming.

?三、时态?

1.主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可)Shewantstoknowwhathehasdonefortheexam.

2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。1）Shesaidthatshewasastudent.2）ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.3）Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.

3.如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.?

定语从句

?一、定义?

在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。

?二、先行词?

先行词指人?who/that先行词指物?which/that

定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后

?三、关系代词?

关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词

?四、翻译方法??“….的”?

Whom:?先行词指人，则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语（包括介词的宾语）,与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom

1.Thisistheteacherwhomwhowelikebest.2.Idon’tliketheboytowhomyouaretalking.

Whose:?指人或物，作定语，表示“…的”eg:Harryistheboywhosemotherisourmathteacher.

关系代词只能that的特殊情况：

1.先行词前有序数词修饰时：Thisisthefirstgiftthatmyparentsboughtme.

2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时：ThisisthemostexcitingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.

3.先行词是不定代词something,?anything等时.e.g.?Is?there?anything?that?you?want?in?this?shop

4.?先行词是人和物时,用that.e.g.He?talked?about?some?writers?and?books?thatwere?unknown?to?us?all.?

5.先行词被all,little,theonly,thevery(就是，正是),thelast等词修饰时,只能用thate.g.?ThisisthelastplacethatIwanttovisit.

6.特殊疑问句以who或which开头，只能用that引导.Whoisthegirlthatismakingaspeechontheplatform?

当关系代词前使用介词时：

物+介词+which;??人+介词+whom

当关系代词前使用介词时：e.g.?1.ThisisthetrainbywhichwewenttoBeijing.2.Thisistheteachertowhommymotheristalking.

状语从句

?一、定义?

在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。

?二、状语从句一般分为八大类?

时间状语从句??地点状语从句原因状语从句??目的状语从句结果状语从句??条件状语从句方式状语从句??让步状语从句

1.时间状语从句

When?---当